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A 5' cap (also termed an RNA cap, an RNA 7-methylguanosine cap, or an RNA m 7 G cap) is a modified guanine nucleotide that has been added to the "front" or 5' end of a eukaryotic messenger RNA shortly after the start of transcription. The 5' cap consists of a terminal 7-methylguanosine residue that is linked through a 5'-5'-triphosphate bond to ...
Expression of a gene coding for a protein is only possible if the messenger RNA carrying the code survives long enough to be translated. [41] In a typical cell, an RNA molecule is only stable if specifically protected from degradation. [ 88 ]
Transfer-messenger RNA (abbreviated tmRNA, also known as 10Sa RNA and by its genetic name SsrA) is a bacterial RNA molecule with dual tRNA-like and messenger RNA-like properties. The tmRNA forms a ribonucleoprotein complex ( tmRNP ) together with Small Protein B ( SmpB ), Elongation Factor Tu ( EF-Tu ), and ribosomal protein S1.
Messenger RNA (mRNA) is the type of RNA that carries information from DNA to the ribosome, ... and enhancer RNAs inducing increased gene expression. [43] ...
The translation is performed by a large complex of functional RNA and proteins called ribosomes. The entire process is called gene expression. In translation, messenger RNA (mRNA) is decoded in a ribosome, outside the nucleus, to produce a specific amino acid chain, or polypeptide.
Cap analysis of gene expression (CAGE) is a gene expression technique used in molecular biology to produce a snapshot of the 5′ end of the messenger RNA population in a biological sample (the transcriptome).
In molecular genetics, the three prime untranslated region (3′-UTR) is the section of messenger RNA (mRNA) that immediately follows the translation termination codon. The 3′-UTR often contains regulatory regions that post-transcriptionally influence gene expression.
Found in plants, animals, and even some viruses, miRNAs are involved in RNA silencing and post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression. [2] [3] miRNAs base-pair to complementary sequences in messenger RNA (mRNA) molecules, [4] then silence said mRNA molecules by one or more of the following processes: [1] [5] Cleaving the mRNA strand into ...