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  2. Francis Bellamy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francis_Bellamy

    Francis Julius Bellamy (May 18, 1855 – August 28, 1931) was an American Christian socialist Baptist minister and author. [1] He is best known for writing the original version of the Pledge of Allegiance in 1892.

  3. Pledge of Allegiance - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pledge_of_Allegiance

    In 1892, Francis Bellamy created what was known as the Bellamy salute to accompany his own version of the Pledge of Allegiance. It started with the hand outstretched toward the flag, palm down, and ended with the palm up.

  4. Bellamy salute - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bellamy_salute

    Children performing the Bellamy salute to the flag of the United States, 1941. The Bellamy salute is a palm-out salute created by James B. Upham as the gesture that was to accompany the Pledge of Allegiance of the United States of America, whose text had been written by Francis Bellamy.

  5. Why Do Students Pledge Allegiance to the U.S. Flag? - AOL

    www.aol.com/why-students-pledge-allegiance-u...

    Each day across America, in classrooms big and small, at city schools and rural ones students recite the pledge of allegiance. Let's go back in time: It's 1892 and Chicago is preparing for the ...

  6. The Youth's Companion - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Youth's_Companion

    On September 8, 1892, the magazine published the first copy of the Pledge of Allegiance, written by staff member Francis Bellamy. From 1893–1907, Johnson Morton (Harvard 1886) served as an editor. In later years the magazine published articles from Willa Cather and Winston Churchill .

  7. Criticism of the Pledge of Allegiance - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Criticism_of_the_Pledge_of...

    Francis Bellamy (1855–1931), the author of the Pledge, was a Baptist minister, a well-known Christian socialist, and the cousin of Edward Bellamy, one of the most renowned socialists of the late 19th century. Francis was known for his work in the slums of Boston, and preached that Jesus was a socialist.

  8. Nicholas Goldberg: Is the Pledge of Allegiance just an empty ...

    www.aol.com/news/nicholas-goldberg-pledge...

    The 131-year-old pledge is back in the news. A high school student recently landed in the principal's office for failing to honor it. She's not the first to protest a pledge that has been called ...

  9. School's 'Pledge of Allegiance' opt-out waiver incites online ...

    www.aol.com/news/2016-08-23-schools-pledge-of...

    'What is happening to our country?'