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High-frequency ventilation (HFV) is a type of mechanical ventilation which utilizes a respiratory rate greater than four times the normal value [1] (>150 (V f) breaths per minute) and very small tidal volumes.
Positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) is the pressure in the lungs (alveolar pressure) above atmospheric pressure (the pressure outside of the body) that exists at the end of expiration. [1] The two types of PEEP are extrinsic PEEP (PEEP applied by a ventilator) and intrinsic PEEP (PEEP caused by an incomplete exhalation).
P high — This is the inspiratory pressure (just like in pressure control). T high — This value is the number of seconds during the inhalation phase. T peep — Also known as the T low, this is the time allotted for expiration. FiO 2 — The fractional O2 percentage of the delivered air-and-oxygen mixture.
In high frequency oscillatory ventilation, it has been suggested to set the mean airway pressure six above the lower inflection point on the lungs P-V curve. [8]
The RSBI is defined as the ratio of respiratory frequency to tidal volume (f/VT). People on a ventilator who cannot tolerate independent breathing tend to breathe rapidly (high frequency) and shallowly (low tidal volume), and will therefore have a high RSBI. [1] The index was introduced in 1991 by Karl Yang and Martin J. Tobin.
IMV is a form of ventilation where the ventilator delivers mandatory breaths, but spontaneous breaths are possible between mandatory breaths. Mandatory breaths can be delivered at a set frequency (with spontaneous breaths occurring in between), or can be delivered whenever breath volume per minute falls below a set point. [4] Terms replaced by ...
The most commonly used high frequency ventilator and only one approved in the United States is the 3100A from Vyaire Medical. It works by using very small tidal volumes by setting amplitude and a high rate set in hertz. This type of ventilation is primarily used in neonates and pediatric patients who are failing conventional ventilation. [46]
Several factors inhibit HPV including increased cardiac output, hypocapnia, hypothermia, acidosis/alkalosis, increased pulmonary vascular resistance, inhaled anesthetics, calcium channel blockers, positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP), high-frequency ventilation (HFV), isoproterenol, nitric oxide, and vasodilators. [citation needed]