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Dusts also have upper and lower explosion limits, though the upper limits are hard to measure and of little practical importance. Lower flammability limits for many organic materials are in the range of 10–50 g/m 3, which is much higher than the limits set for health reasons, as is the case for the LEL of many gases and vapours. Dust clouds ...
The first is a possible explosion if the mixture of LPG and air is within the explosive limits and there is an ignition source. The second is suffocation due to LPG displacing air, causing a decrease in oxygen concentration. A full LPG gas cylinder contains 86% liquid; the ullage volume will contain vapour at a pressure that varies with ...
For each fuel, ignition occurs only within a certain range of concentration, known as the upper and lower flammability limits. For example, for methane and gasoline vapor, this range is 5-15% and 1.4-7.6% gas to air, respectively. An explosion can only occur when fuel concentration is within these limits [citation needed]
The lower flammability limit or lower explosive limit (LFL/LEL) represents the lowest air to fuel vapor concentration required for combustion to take place when ignited by an external source, for any particular chemical. [29] Any concentration lower than this could not produce a flame or result in combustion.
The limiting oxygen concentration is shown in the lower right of the diagram. The limiting oxygen concentration (LOC), [1] also known as the minimum oxygen concentration (MOC), [2] is defined as the limiting concentration of oxygen below which combustion is not possible, independent of the concentration of fuel. It is expressed in units of ...
The lower flammability limit (LFL), [1] usually expressed in volume per cent, is the lower end of the concentration range over which a flammable mixture of gas or vapour in air can be ignited at a given temperature and pressure. The flammability range is delineated by the upper and lower flammability limits. Outside this range of air/vapor ...
Any mixture of methane and air will therefore lie on the straight line between pure methane and pure air – this is shown as the blue air-line. The upper and lower flammability limits of methane in air are located on this line, as shown (labelled UEL and LEL, respectively). The stoichiometric combustion of methane is: CH 4 + 2O 2 → CO 2 + 2H ...
A useful advantage in practical applications is that the detector's response to many different gases and vapours is relatively uniform when expressed in terms of the lower flammable limit. Borosilicate glass retains useful transmission in this wavelength region, allowing large aperture optics to be produced at moderate cost. 1.6 μm region.