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Decommissioned AlphaGo backend rack. Go is considered much more difficult for computers to win than other games such as chess, because its strategic and aesthetic nature makes it hard to directly construct an evaluation function, and its much larger branching factor makes it prohibitively difficult to use traditional AI methods such as alpha–beta pruning, tree traversal and heuristic search.
AlphaZero (AZ) is a more generalized variant of the AlphaGo Zero (AGZ) algorithm, and is able to play shogi and chess as well as Go. Differences between AZ and AGZ include: [ 2 ] AZ has hard-coded rules for setting search hyperparameters .
The match AlphaGo versus Lee Sedol is comparable to the 1997 chess match when Garry Kasparov lost to IBM computer Deep Blue. Kasparov's loss to Deep Blue is considered the moment a computer became better than humans at chess. [17] AlphaGo is significantly different from previous AI efforts.
AlphaGo won the final match two days later. [27] [28] With this victory, AlphaGo became the first program to beat a 9 dan human professional in a game without handicaps on a full-sized board. In May 2017, AlphaGo beat Ke Jie, who at the time was ranked top in the world, [29] [30] in a three-game match during the Future of Go Summit. [31]
AlphaGo's techniques are probably less useful in domains that are difficult to simulate, such as learning how to drive a car. [17] DeepMind stated in October 2017 that it had already started active work on attempting to use AlphaGo Zero technology for protein folding, and stated it would soon publish new findings. [18] [19]
Stockfish has been one of the strongest chess engines in the world for several years; [3] [4] [5] it has won all main events of the Top Chess Engine Championship (TCEC) and the Chess.com Computer Chess Championship (CCC) since 2020 and, as of 16 November 2024, is the strongest CPU chess engine in the world with an estimated Elo rating of 3642 ...
Computer chess includes both hardware (dedicated computers) and software capable of playing chess.Computer chess provides opportunities for players to practice even in the absence of human opponents, and also provides opportunities for analysis, entertainment and training.
Leela Chess Zero (abbreviated as LCZero, lc0) is a free, open-source chess engine and volunteer computing project based on Google's AlphaZero engine. It was spearheaded by Gary Linscott, a developer for the Stockfish chess engine, and adapted from the Leela Zero Go engine.