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Covering a 3,270 square metres (35,200 sq ft) area and a depth of 213 meters (699 ft), [2] it has not erupted in the past 4000 years. [3] It was discovered in 1974 by cave explorer Árni B. Stefánsson, and opened for tourism in 2012. It is the only volcano in the world where visitors can take an elevator and safely descend into the magma ...
Maar-diatreme volcanoes are not uncommon, reported as the second most common type of volcano on continents and islands. At the surface they may be hard to recognise if shallow and dry or eroded and can be up to 3 kilometres (1.9 mi) wide, but are often much smaller.
For comparison the volcano Anak Krakatoa eruption in 2018 was also rated as a VEI-4 event. [4] [5] [3] The 1778 eruption of Raikoke was the largest of the recent volcanic events destroying the upper third of the island. [6] The only known fatalities from the eruptions was during the 1778 eruption when fifteen were killed from falling lava bombs ...
Mýrdalsjökull is subject to large jökulhlaups when the subglacial volcano Katla erupts, roughly every 40 to 80 years. The eruption in 1755 is estimated to have had a peak discharge of 200,000 to 400,000 m 3 /s (7,100,000 to 14,100,000 cu ft/s). The Grímsvötn volcano frequently causes large jökulhlaups from Vatnajökull.
Ultra-Plinian eruptions are the largest of all volcanic eruptions are more intense, have a higher eruption rate than Plinian ones, form higher eruption columns and may form large calderas. These eruptions produce rhyolitic lava, tephra, pumice and thick pyroclastic flows that cover vast areas and may produce widespread ash-fall deposits.
Hundreds of people in Indonesia's North Sulawesi province were evacuated Wednesday after multiple eruptions of the Ruang volcano. Most of the island's 800 residents were evacuated to nearby ...
The name maar comes from a Moselle Franconian dialect word used for the circular lakes of the Daun area of Germany. The word evolved from its first use in German in the modern geological sense in 1819 and is now used in English and in the geological sciences as the term for the explosion crater, even if water from rainfall might always have drained from the crater after the formation event.
The 5–6 km (3.1–3.7 mi) wide Reykjanes volcanic system is in a rift zone, [3] which extends 45 km (28 mi), [2] including at least 9 km (5.6 mi) out to sea towards the Reykjanes Ridge. [ 16 ] [ 2 ] Volcanic rock production has kept pace with rift extension and subsidence with at least ten eruptions in the 14,500 years since the area became ...