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A LED is a long-lived light source, but certain mechanisms can cause slow loss of efficiency of the device or sudden failure. The wavelength of the light emitted is a function of the band gap of the semiconductor material used; materials such as gallium arsenide , and others , with various trace doping elements , are used to produce different ...
Sony's success with transistor radios led to transistors replacing vacuum tubes as the dominant electronic technology in the late 1950s. [47] The first working silicon transistor was developed at Bell Labs on January 26, 1954, by Morris Tanenbaum. The first production commercial silicon transistor was announced by Texas Instruments in May 1954.
The efficiency of LED lighting fixtures is not affected by shape and size, unlike fluorescent light bulbs or tubes. Size: LEDs can be very small (smaller than 2 mm 2 [ 64 ] ) and are easily attached to printed circuit boards.
A transistor is a semiconductor device used to amplify and switch electronic signals and electrical power. Field-effect transistors (FET) MOSFET (metal–oxide–semiconductor FET) – by far the most widely manufactured electronic component (also known as MOS transistor) [ 6 ] [ 7 ]
In February 1969, Hewlett-Packard introduced the HP Model 5082-7000 Numeric Indicator, the first LED device to use integrated circuit (integrated LED circuit) technology. [25] It was the first intelligent LED display, and was a revolution in digital display technology, replacing the Nixie tube and becoming the basis for later LED displays. [27]
The term solid-state became popular at the beginning of the semiconductor era in the 1960s to distinguish this new technology. A semiconductor device works by controlling an electric current consisting of electrons or holes moving within a solid crystalline piece of semiconducting material such as silicon, while the thermionic vacuum tubes it replaced worked by controlling a current of ...
Simple LED (Light Emitting Diode) circuit diagram. In electronics, an LED circuit or LED driver is an electrical circuit used to power a light-emitting diode (LED). The circuit must provide sufficient current to light the LED at the required brightness, but must limit the current to prevent damaging the LED.
In the analysis of a bipolar junction transistor, for example, in a common-emitter configuration, the DC voltage at the collector, emitter, and base (with respect to ground) may be written as V C, V E, and V B respectively. Resistors associated with these transistor terminals may be designated R C, R E, and R B.