Search results
Results From The WOW.Com Content Network
In biological systems, phosphorus can be found as free phosphate anions in solution (inorganic phosphate) or bound to organic molecules as various organophosphates [5]. Inorganic phosphate is generally denoted P i and at physiological (homeostatic) pH primarily consists of a mixture of [HPO 4] 2− and [H 2 PO 4] − ions.
The term phosphate is also used in organic chemistry for the functional groups that result when one or more of the hydrogens are replaced by bonds to other groups. These acids, together with their salts and esters , include some of the best-known compounds of phosphorus, of high importance in biochemistry , mineralogy , agriculture , pharmacy ...
Organophosphate flame retardants are part of a wider family of phosphorus-based agents which include organic phosphonate and phosphinate esters, in addition to inorganic salts. [ 56 ] [ 57 ] When some prominent brominated flame retardant were banned in the early 2000s phosphorus-based agents were promoted as safer replacements.
Organophosphorus chemistry is the scientific study of the synthesis and properties of organophosphorus compounds, which are organic compounds containing phosphorus. [1] They are used primarily in pest control as an alternative to chlorinated hydrocarbons that persist in the environment.
Phosphonates are one of the three sources of phosphate intake in biological cells. [citation needed] The other two are inorganic phosphate and organophosphates. The naturally occurring phosphonate 2-aminoethylphosphonic acid was first identified in 1959 in plants and many animals, where it is localized in membranes.
Contrary to biology, biochemistry and biomedicine branches, in organic and inorganic chemistry branches, and in the branch of chemical nomenclature (see IUPAC), the correct name for the −P(=O)(−O −) 2 group is not "phosphoryl", but phosphonato, and the correct name for the −P(=O)(−OH) 2 group is phosphono, and the term phosphoryl ...
P i stands for inorganic phosphate, which is protonated at biological pH. However, it is not large by inorganic standards. However, it is not large by inorganic standards. The term "high energy" refers to the fact that it is high relative to the amount of energy released in the organic chemical reactions that can occur in living systems.
The pyrophosphate anion has the structure P 2 O 4− 7, and is an acid anhydride of phosphate. It is unstable in aqueous solution and hydrolyzes into inorganic phosphate: P 2 O 4− 7 + H 2 O → 2 HPO 2− 4. or in biologists' shorthand notation: PP i + H 2 O → 2 P i + 2 H +