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USB 2.0 was released in April 2000, adding a higher maximum signaling rate of 480 Mbit/s (maximum theoretical data throughput 53 MByte/s [25]) named High Speed or High Bandwidth, in addition to the USB 1.x Full Speed signaling rate of 12 Mbit/s (maximum theoretical data throughput 1.2 MByte/s).
Throughput can be affected by additional bottlenecks, such as a hard disk drive as seen a in routine testing performed by CNet, where write operations to typical high-speed hard drives sustain rates of 25–30 MB/s, and read operations at 30–42 MB/s; [3] this is 70% of the total available bus bandwidth. For USB 3.0, typical write speed is 70 ...
Device interfaces where one bus transfers data via another will be limited to the throughput of the slowest interface, at best. For instance, SATA revision 3.0 (6 Gbit/s) controllers on one PCI Express 2.0 (5 Gbit/s) channel will be limited to the 5 Gbit/s rate and have to employ more channels to get around this problem.
The ExpressCard has a maximum throughput of 2.5 Gbit/s through PCI Express and 480 Mbit/s through USB 2.0 dedicated for each slot, while all CardBus and PCI devices connected to a computer usually share a total 1.06 Gbit/s bandwidth. The ExpressCard standard specifies voltages of either 1.5 V or 3.3 V; CardBus slots can use 3.3 V or 5.0 V.
A number of extensions to the USB Specifications have progressively further increased the maximum allowable V_BUS voltage: starting with 6.0 V with USB BC 1.2, [42] to 21.5 V with USB PD 2.0 [43] and 50.9 V with USB PD 3.1, [43] while still maintaining backwards compatibility with USB 2.0 by requiring various forms of handshake before ...
The USB OTG and Embedded Host Supplement to the USB 2.0 specification introduced three new communication protocols: . Attach Detection Protocol (ADP): Allows an OTG device, embedded host or USB device to determine attachment status in the absence of power on the USB bus, enabling both insertion-based behavior and the capability to display attachment status.
Ethernet over USB is the use of a USB link as a part of an Ethernet network, resulting in an Ethernet connection over USB (instead of e.g. PCI or PCIe).. USB over Ethernet (also called USB over Network or USB over IP) is a system to share USB-based devices over Ethernet, Wi-Fi, or the Internet, allowing access to devices over a network.
eSATAp throughput is not necessarily the same as SATA, many enclosures and docks that support both eSATA and USB use combo bridge chips which can severely reduce the throughput, and USB throughput is that of the USB version supported by the port (typically USB 3.0 or 2.0). eSATAp ports (bracket versions [clarification needed]) can run at a ...