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Communism was decisively defeated in other states, including Malaya and Indonesia. In 1972–1979, there was détente between the Soviet Union and the United States. The fall of Communism in Europe (1980–1992) in which Soviet client states were heavily on the defensive as in Afghanistan and Nicaragua. The United States escalated the conflict ...
The European political landscape changed drastically, with several former Eastern Bloc countries joining NATO and the European Union, resulting in stronger economic and social integration with Western Europe and North America. Many communist and socialist organisations in the West turned their guiding principles over to social democracy and ...
Most socialist revolts failed to create lasting socialist states. [2] The revolutions had lasting effects in shaping the future European political landscape, with, for example, the collapse of the German Empire and the dissolution of Austria-Hungary. [3] World War I mobilized millions of troops, reshaped political powers and drove social ...
They observe that Eurocommunists have always claimed to be different—not only from Soviet communism, but also from social democracy—while in practice they were always very similar to at least one of these two tendencies. As a result, critics argue that Eurocommunism does not have a well-defined identity and cannot be regarded as a separate ...
The authors of The Black Book of Communism have also estimated that 9.3 million people were killed under communist rule in other states: 2 million in North Korea, 2 million in Cambodia, 1.7 million in Africa, 1.5 million in Afghanistan, 1 million in Vietnam, 1 million in Eastern Europe and 150,000 in Latin America.
Communism was seen as a rival of and a threat to Western capitalism for most of the 20th century. [159] In Western Europe, communist parties were part of several post-war governments, and even when the Cold War forced many of those countries to remove them from government, such as in Italy, they remained part of the liberal-democratic process.
"The European Parliament might become an all-European socialist parliament with representation from the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe. 'Europe from the Atlantic to the Urals' would turn out to be a neutral, socialist Europe." Collaborating opinions can be found in an archive of classified documents collected by Vladimir Bukovsky, a defector also.
"Anti-socialism" redirects here. For opposition to communism, see Anti-communism. For other uses, see Antisocial (disambiguation). This article is about criticism of socialist economic systems and political movements. For criticism of Communist states, see Criticism of Communist party rule. For criticism of Marxism, a branch of socialism, see Criticism of Marxism. For criticism of social ...