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Concrete has a total embodied energy of 1.69 GJ/tonne, lower per unit mass than most common building materials besides wood. However, concrete structures often have high masses, so this comparison is not always directly relevant to decision making. Additionally, this value is based only on mix proportions of up to 20% fly ash.
A living building material (LBM) is a material used in construction or industrial design that behaves in a way resembling a living organism.Examples include: self-mending biocement, [1] self-replicating concrete replacement, [2] and mycelium-based composites for construction and packaging.
However, considering the purpose of having a circularity of resources in the concrete life cycle, the only application of RCA that could be considered as recycling of concrete is the replacement of natural aggregates on concrete mixes. All the other applications would fall under the category of downcycling. It is estimated that even near ...
The main components of LC3 cements are clinker, calcined clay, limestone, and gypsum. [24] [25] [26] The fresh concrete production involves synergetic hydration.[10] [27] Adding large amounts of calcined clay and ground limestone to the dry cement powder, [28] [29] when adding water to the mix for making concrete, cement and additives start to hydrate and the soluble aluminates released in ...
[1] [2] Therefore, it is essential to limit the crack's width and repair it as quickly as feasible. Self-healing concrete would not only make the material more sustainable, but it would also contribute to an increase in the service life of concrete structures and make the material more durable and environmentally friendly. [3] [4]
Sustainable construction aims to reduce the negative health and environmental impacts caused by the construction process and by the operation and use of buildings and the built environment. [1] It can be seen as the construction industry's contribution to more sustainable development. Precise definitions vary from place to place, and are ...
Concrete is a composite material composed of aggregate bonded together with a fluid cement that cures to a solid over time. Concrete is the second-most-used substance in the world after water, [1] and is the most widely used building material. [2] Its usage worldwide, ton for ton, is twice that of steel, wood, plastics, and aluminium combined. [3]
Green building (also known as green construction, sustainable building, or eco-friendly building) refers to both a structure and the application of processes that are environmentally responsible and resource-efficient throughout a building's life-cycle: from planning to design, construction, operation, maintenance, renovation, and demolition. [1]