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In this case the conductivity of purified water often is 10 to 20 times higher. A discussion can be found below. Typical drinking water is in the range of 200–800 μS/cm, while sea water is about 50 mS/cm [3] (or 0.05 S/cm). Conductivity is traditionally determined by connecting the electrolyte in a Wheatstone bridge.
Electrical conductivity of water samples is used as an indicator of how salt-free, ion-free, or impurity-free the sample is; the purer the water, the lower the conductivity (the higher the resistivity). Conductivity measurements in water are often reported as specific conductance, relative to the conductivity of pure water at 25 °C.
In pure water, sensitive equipment can detect a very slight electrical conductivity of 0.05501 ± 0.0001 μS/cm at 25.00 °C. [56] Water can also be electrolyzed into oxygen and hydrogen gases but in the absence of dissolved ions this is a very slow process, as very little current is conducted.
Electrical conductivity of highly purified water at saturation pressure [13] Temperature, °C Conductivity, μS/m 0.01: 1.15 25: 5.50 ... Water/steam data table at ...
Although water is generally considered to be a good electrical conductor—for example, domestic electrical systems are considered particularly hazardous to people if they may be in contact with wet surfaces—pure water is a poor conductor. The conductivity of water is measured in Siemens per meter (S/m).
Electrolysis of pure water requires excess energy in the form of overpotential to overcome various activation barriers. Without the excess energy, electrolysis occurs slowly or not at all. This is in part due to the limited self-ionization of water. Pure water has an electrical conductivity about one hundred thousandth that of seawater. [8] [9 ...