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Visual C++ 2012 (also known as Visual C++ 11.0) was released on August 15, 2012. It features improved C++11 support, and support for Windows Runtime development. [43] Visual C++ 2013 (also known as Visual C++ 12.0) was released on October 17, 2013. It features further C++11 and C99 support, and introduces a REST SDK. [44]
This runtime library is used by programs written in Visual C++ and a few other compilers (e.g. MinGW). Some compilers have their own runtime libraries. With Version 14.0 (Visual Studio 2015), most of the C/C++ runtime was moved into a new DLL, UCRTBASE.DLL, which conforms closely with C99.
Microsoft Visual Studio support for C++/WinRT is provided by an officially-supported extension. [5] C++/WinRT was originally released in 2015 by Kenny Kerr, who shortly afterward joined Microsoft. [6] C++/WinRT is now Microsoft's recommended replacement for both the Windows Runtime C++ Template Library (WRL), and for C++/CX. [4]
Microsoft introduced C++/CLI in Visual Studio 2005, which is a language and means of compiling Visual C++ programs to run within the .NET Framework. Some parts of the C++ program still run within an unmanaged Visual C++ Runtime, while specially modified parts are translated into CIL code and run with the .NET Framework's CLR.
The Microsoft Visual C++ compiler can produce both managed code, running under CLR, or unmanaged binaries, running directly on Windows. [2]Benefits of using managed code include programmer convenience (by increasing the level of abstraction, creating smaller models) and enhanced security guarantees, depending on the platform (including the VM implementation).
windows.h is a source code header file that Microsoft provides for the development of programs that access the Windows API (WinAPI) via C language syntax. It declares the WinAPI functions, associated data types and common macros. Access to WinAPI can be enabled for a C or C++ program by including it into a source file: #include <windows.h>
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Porting over applications to the .NET Framework from C or C++ is much easier to do using Managed C++. The Microsoft Visual C++ .NET compiler, which compiles Managed C++ to target the .NET Framework, produces a much more matured set of instructions in its resultant assembly, thus improving performance.