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This was adopted by early researchers [127] including C.E.G. Bailey who demonstrated its use for studying bird song in 1950. [128] The use of spectrograms to visualize bird song was then adopted by Donald J. Borror [129] and developed further by others including W. H. Thorpe. [130] [131] These visual representations are also called sonograms or ...
Musicologists such as Matthew Head and Suzannah Clark believe that birdsong has had a large though admittedly unquantifiable influence on the development of music. [2] [3] Birdsong has influenced composers in several ways: they can be inspired by birdsong; [4] they can intentionally imitate bird song in a composition; [4] they can incorporate recordings of birds into their works; [5] or they ...
If exposed to heterospecific birds of another species in absence of same-species birds, young birds will often adopt the song of the species to which it was exposed. [31] Although birds are capable of learning song production purely from audio recordings of birdsong , tutor-student interaction may be important in some species.
In males, however, most song system neurons respond maximally to the sound of the bird's own song, even more than they do to the tutor's song or any other conspecific song. [ 6 ] [ 7 ] In HVC, neurons switch from responding best to tutor song (35–69 days post-hatch) to responding best to the bird's own song (>70 days post-hatch). [ 8 ]
Three types of song have been described: the day song is the most common, sung by birds alone or in pairs as a chorus or an antiphonal duet, generally over the course of the day and while the birds are in flight. It appears to promote bonding and act as communication. [32]
HVC is located in the caudal nidopallium.It projects to the song motor pathway via the robust nucleus of the arcopallium (RA) and to the Anterior Forebrain Pathway via the basal ganglia nucleus Area X. [1] It receives recurrent motor activity through the thalamic nucleus Uvaformis (Uva) and input from the auditory system through projections from the caudalateral mesopallium (CMM) and through ...
As birdsong can be broken into regional dialects through this process of mimicry, the foreign song of a newcomer suggests the lack of territorial possession. This can be costly in the wake of territorial conflicts between disparate songbird populations and may compel a female to prefer a male spouting a familiar song of the area.
Vocal learning is the ability to modify acoustic and syntactic sounds, acquire new sounds via imitation, and produce vocalizations. "Vocalizations" in this case refers only to sounds generated by the vocal organ (mammalian larynx or avian syrinx) as opposed to by the lips, teeth, and tongue, which require substantially less motor control. [1]