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The Sicilian Mafia or Cosa Nostra (Italian: [ˈkɔːza ˈnɔstra, ˈkɔːsa-], Sicilian: [ˈkɔːsa ˈnɔʂː(ɽ)a]; "our thing" [3]), also referred to as simply Mafia, is a criminal society and criminal organization originating on the island of Sicily and dates back to the mid-19th century. It is an association of gangs which sell their ...
The Sicilian Mafia was less active during the era of Fascist Italy and it was fought by Benito Mussolini's government. In June 1924, Mussolini instructed Cesare Mori to eradicate the Mafia from Sicily and on October 25, 1925, appointed Mori prefect of the Sicilian capital, Palermo.
A made man is traditionally seen as "untouchable" by fellow criminals; he is to be respected and feared. [15] To strike, let alone kill, a made man for any reason without the permission of the Mafia family leadership is punished by death, regardless of whether or not the perpetrator had a legitimate grievance. [16]
Sangiorgi report is the name given to a series of notes and reports on the mafia in Sicily by the questore of Palermo Ermanno Sangiorgi and sent to the ministry of the Interior. It is composed of 31 reports, for a total of 485 pages, written between November 1898 and February 1900. [ 1 ]
Archaic and classical Greek Sicily: a social and economic history (Oxford UP, 2016). Dickie, John. Cosa Nostra: A History of the Sicilian Mafia (2004), synthesis of Italian scholarship; Dimico, Arcangelo, Alessia Isopi, and Ola Olsson. "Origins of the Sicilian Mafia: The market for lemons." Journal of Economic History 77.4 (2017): 1083-1115. online
Inside the Sicilian Mafia. An Account of Antonio Calderone, New York: William Morrow & Co. (in Italian) Caruso, Alfio (2000). Da cosa nasce cosa. Storia della mafia del 1943 a oggi, Milan: Longanesi ISBN 88-304-1620-7; Servadio, Gaia (1976), Mafioso. A history of the Mafia from its origins to the present day, London: Secker & Warburg ISBN 0-436 ...
Because Sicily was an Islamic emirate from 831 to 1072, Mafia may have come to Sicilian through Arabic, although the word's origins are uncertain. Possible Arabic roots of the word include: maʿfī (معفي) = exempted.
The Mafia's origins are still uncertain, but it is generally accepted that it emerged in the 18th century initially in the role of private enforcers hired to protect the property of landowners and merchants from the groups of briganti who frequently pillaged the countryside and towns. The battle against the Mafia made by the Kingdom of Italy ...