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The drug crosses the placenta and affects the fetus during the gestational stage of pregnancy. [89] Methamphetamine use in pregnancy may lead to babies born with an earlier gestational age at delivery (pre-term), lower birth weight, and smaller head circumference. [ 89 ]
Use of cocaine during pregnancy can negatively affect both the mother and the fetus, [20] but the ways in which it affects the fetus are poorly understood. [22] Three main mechanisms of cocaine exposure can harm a fetus, by altering brain chemistry, altering the expression of certain genes, and the constriction of blood vessels. [1]
Opioids can cross both the placental and blood-brain barriers, which poses risks to fetuses and newborns exposed to these drugs before birth. This exposure to opioids during pregnancy can lead to potential obstetric complications, including spontaneous abortion, abruption of the placenta, pre-eclampsia, prelabor rupture of membranes, and fetal death.
Marijuana use during pregnancy can harm the fetus, and can also affect a young child's mental and behavioral health, new research finds. Cannabis use during pregnancy linked to mental, behavioral ...
The role of the endocannabinoid system (ECS) in female fertility has long been suspected and studied. [3] Most studies through 2013 linking development of the fetus and cannabis show effects of consumption during the gestational period, but abnormalities in the endocannabinoid system during the phase of placental development are also linked with problems in pregnancy. [4]
The use of alcohol during pregnancy occurs at different rates across the world, potentially due to various cultural differences and legislation. The five countries with the highest prevalence of alcohol use during pregnancy are Ireland (60%), Belarus (47%), Denmark (46%), the UK (41%), and the Russian Federation (37%). [29]
Babies born prematurely (before 37 weeks) often exhibit less symptoms or in less severity than those born at full term (38 to 42 weeks). This is due to being exposed to the drug for a lesser period of time during pregnancy. Premature babies with NAS tend to recover at a much faster rate than a full term baby would. [4]
In a groundbreaking legal case, a Tennessee mother is the first to be arrested in the state for using drugs during her pregnancy. MSNBC reports that 26-year-old Mallory Loyola was charged under a ...