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David Émile Durkheim (/ ˈ d ɜːr k h aɪ m /; [1] French: [emil dyʁkɛm] or ; 15 April 1858 – 15 November 1917) was a French sociologist.Durkheim formally established the academic discipline of sociology and is commonly cited as one of the principal architects of modern social science, along with both Karl Marx and Max Weber.
The Department of History and Sociology at the University of Kansas was established in 1891 [59] [60] and the first full-fledged independent university department of sociology was established in 1892 at the University of Chicago by Albion W. Small (1854–1926), who in 1895 founded the American Journal of Sociology. [61]
Ferdinand Tönnies (1855–1936), German philosopher and founder of German sociology Alain Touraine (1925–2023), French sociologist Peter Townsend (1928–2009), British sociologist
The term sociology was first coined in 1780 by the French essayist Emmanuel-Joseph Sieyès in an unpublished manuscript. [25] [note 2] Sociology was later defined independently by French philosopher of science Auguste Comte (1798–1857) in 1838 [26] as a new way of looking at society.
Sociology courses have placed less emphasis on his theories than at the peak of his popularity (from the 1940s to the 1970s). However, there has been a recent resurgence of interest in his ideas. [18] Parsons was a strong advocate for the professionalization of sociology and its expansion in American academia.
Benjamin Kidd (9 September 1858–2 October 1916) was a British sociologist whose first job was a civil service clerk, but by persistent self-education, he became internationally famous by the publication of his book Social Evolution in 1894.
Lester Frank Ward (June 18, 1841 – April 18, 1913) was an American botanist, paleontologist, and sociologist. [1] The first president of the American Sociological Association, James Q. Dealey characterized Ward as a "great pioneer" in the development of American sociology, with contemporaries referring to him as "the Nestor of American sociologists". [2]
The second debate that shaped Weber's perspective on methodology was the Werturteilsstreit ... he is commonly regarded as one of the founders of modern sociology. [318]