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Madarosis is a condition that results in the loss of eyelashes, and sometimes eyebrows. The term "madarosis" is derived from the ancient Greek "madaros", meaning "bald". [ 1 ] Eyelashes are important in the prevention of bacteria and other foreign objects entering the eye.
Blepharochalasis is an inflammation of the eyelid that is characterized by exacerbations and remissions of eyelid edema, which results in a stretching and subsequent atrophy of the eyelid tissue, leading to the formation of redundant folds over the lid margins.
Trichiasis (/ t r ɪ k i ˈ eɪ s ɪ s / trik-ee-AY-sis, / t r ɪ ˈ k aɪ ə s ɪ s / tri-KEYE-ə-sis) [1] is a medical term for abnormally positioned eyelashes that grow back toward the eye, touching the cornea or conjunctiva.
The Sign of Hertoghe or Queen Anne's sign is a thinning or loss of the outer third of the eyebrows, and is a classical sign of hypothyroidism or atopic dermatitis, [1] [2] [3] but it can also be detected in lepromatous leprosy. [4]
Lagophthalmos can arise from a malfunction of the facial nerve. [4] Lagopthalmos can also occur in comatose patients having a decrease in orbicularis tone, in patients having palsy of the facial nerve (seventh cranial nerve), in people with severe exophthalmos and in people with severe skin disorders such as ichthyosis.
Most conjunctivochalasis is thought to be caused by both a gradual thinning and stretching of the conjunctiva that accompanies age and a loss of adhesion between the conjunctiva and underlying sclera as the result of dissolution of Tenon's capsule.
Blepharitis is characterized by chronic inflammation of the eyelid, usually at the base of the eyelashes. [3] [4] [5] Symptoms include inflammation, irritation, itchiness, a burning sensation, excessive tearing, and crusting and sticking of eyelids.
A unilateral decrease in visual acuity is the most common symptom of toxoplasmic retinitis. Under ophthalmic examination, toxoplasmic chorioretinitis classically appears as a focal, white retinitis with overlying moderate inflammation of the vitreous humour.