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Antipsychotics have been reported to cause hyponatremia in a review of medical articles from 1946 to 2016. [25] Available evidence suggests that all classes of psychotropics, i.e., antidepressants, antipsychotics, mood stabilizers, and sedative/hypnotics can lead to hyponatremia. Age is a significant factor for drug induced hyponatremia.
More severe hyponatremia (levels less than 120 mEq/L), particularly if it develops rapidly (defined as occurring over less than 48 hours), can cause confusion, seizures and even lead to death ...
Water intoxication can be prevented if a person's intake of water does not grossly exceed their losses. Healthy kidneys can excrete approximately 800 millilitres to one litre of fluid water (0.84–1.04 quarts) per hour. [15] However, stress (from prolonged physical exertion), as well as disease states, can greatly reduce this amount. [15]
[14] [3] Dilutional hyponatremia can happen in diabetics as high glucose levels pull water into the blood stream causing the sodium concentration to be lower. [14] [3] Diagnosis of the cause of hyponatremia relies on three factors: volume status, plasma osmolality, urine sodium levels and urine osmolality. [14] [3]
Researchers challenge Bruce Lee's cause of death, positing that his brain swelling was caused by low sodium due to chronic elevated water intake. ... Hyponatremia is a below-normal concentration ...
Hyponatremia, meaning "insufficient salt in the blood", is the technical name for water intoxication. It causes the brain to swell , which in extreme cases can lead to death.
The most frequent causes are: sudden cardiac death, triggered by a congenital or acquired heart disorder; exercise-associated hyponatremia or other electrolyte imbalance; exertional heat stroke or severe hyperthermia. The age distribution ranges widely, from the teens through the sixties.
Hyponatremia, or blood sodium levels below 135 mEq/L, causes brain cells to swell; the symptoms can be subtle and may include altered personality, lethargy, and confusion. In severe cases, when blood sodium falls below 115 mEq/L, stupor, muscle twitching or spasms, seizures, coma, and death can result. [15]