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Because 8b/10b encoding uses 10-bit symbols to encode 8-bit words, some of the possible 1024 (10 bit, 2 10) symbols can be excluded to grant a run-length limit of 5 consecutive equal bits and to ensure the difference between the count of zeros and ones to be no more than two. Some of the 256 possible 8-bit words can be encoded in two different ...
Until the early 1990s, many programs and data transmission channels were character-oriented and treated some characters, e.g., ETX, as control characters.Others assumed a stream of seven-bit characters, with values between 0 and 127; for example, the ASCII standard used only seven bits per character, avoiding an 8-bit representation in order to save on data transmission costs.
8b/10b SerDes maps each data byte to a 10-bit code before serializing the data. The deserializer uses the reference clock to monitor the recovered clock from the bit stream. As the clock information is synthesized into the data bit stream, rather than explicitly embedding it, the serializer (transmitter) clock jitter tolerance is to 5–10 ps ...
An 8-bit register can store 2 8 different values. The range of integer values that can be stored in 8 bits depends on the integer representation used. With the two most common representations, the range is 0 through 255 (2 8 − 1) for representation as an binary number, and −128 (−1 × 2 7) through 127 (2 7 − 1) for representation as two's complement.
In this era, bit groupings in the instruction stream were often referred to as syllables [a] or slab, before the term byte became common. The modern de facto standard of eight bits, as documented in ISO/IEC 2382-1:1993, is a convenient power of two permitting the binary-encoded values 0 through 255 for one byte, as 2 to the power of 8 is 256. [8]
For example, in an eight-bit byte, only seven bits represent the magnitude, which can range from 0000000 (0) to 1111111 (127). Thus numbers ranging from −127 10 to +127 10 can be represented once the sign bit (the eighth bit) is added. For example, −43 10 encoded in an eight-bit byte is 10101011 while 43 10 is 00101011.
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4 bits – (a.k.a. tetrad(e), nibble, quadbit, semioctet, or halfbyte) the size of a hexadecimal digit; decimal digits in binary-coded decimal form 5 bits – the size of code points in the Baudot code, used in telex communication (a.k.a. pentad) 6 bits – the size of code points in Univac Fieldata, in IBM "BCD" format, and in Braille. Enough ...