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Plant reproduction is the production of new offspring in plants, which can be accomplished by sexual or asexual reproduction. Sexual reproduction produces offspring by the fusion of gametes , resulting in offspring genetically different from either parent.
Pollination can be accomplished by cross-pollination or by self-pollination: ... It is a type of sexual breeding, in contrast to asexual systems such as apomixis.
Cross-pollination, where pollen from one plant can only fertilize a different plant; Asexual propagation (e.g. runners from strawberry plants) where the new plant is genetically identical to its parent; Apomixis (self-cloning), where seeds are produced asexually and the new plant is genetically identical to its parent
The cloning of an organism is a form of asexual reproduction. By asexual reproduction, an organism creates a genetically similar or identical copy of itself. The evolution of sexual reproduction is a major puzzle for biologists. The two-fold cost of sexual reproduction is that only 50% of organisms reproduce [1] and organisms only pass on 50% ...
Asexual reproduction is a type of reproduction that does not involve the fusion of gametes or change in the number of chromosomes. The offspring that arise by asexual reproduction from either unicellular or multicellular organisms inherit the full set of genes of their single parent and thus the newly created individual is genetically and ...
Self-compatible (SC) pollination systems are less common than self-incompatibile cross-pollination systems in angiosperms. [11] However, when the probability of cross-pollination is too low it can be advantageous to self-pollinate. Self-pollination is known to be favored in some orchids, rices, and Caulokaempferia coenobialis (Zingiberaceae).
Agamospermy, asexual reproduction through seeds, occurs in flowering plants through many different mechanisms [4] and a simple hierarchical classification of the different types is not possible. Consequently, there are almost as many different usages of terminology for apomixis in angiosperms as there are authors on the subject.
Apomixis in flowering plants (angiosperms) includes some types of vegetative reproduction and also agamospermy, which is asexual reproduction through seeds [9] (see apomixis for more information). Agamospermy can occur through many different mechanisms, [6] [7] some of which require pollination (pseudogamy), and some of which do not (autonomous ...