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The law of water balance states that the inflows to any water system or area is equal to its outflows plus change in storage during a time interval. [ 2 ] [ 3 ] In hydrology , a water balance equation can be used to describe the flow of water in and out of a system.
By considering a long-term (e.g. seasonal) average depth of the water table (Dw) in combination with the long-term average recharge rate (R), the net storage of water in that period of time is negligibly small and the steady state condition is satisfied: one obtains a dynamic equilibrium. Derivation of the equation
Figure 7. Runoff from the water balance. The recharge, also called effective rainfall or rainfall excess, can be modeled by a pre-reservoir (figure 6) giving the recharge as overflow. The pre-reservoir knows the following elements: a maximum storage (Sm) with unit length [L] an actual storage (Sa) with unit [L] a relative storage: Sr = Sa/Sm
The energy required per unit mass of water vaporized. (J g −1) L v = Volumetric latent heat of vaporization. The energy required per unit volume of water vaporized. (L v = 2453 MJ m −3) E = Mass water evapotranspiration rate (g s −1 m −2) ET = Water volume evapotranspired (mm s −1) Δ = Rate of change of saturation specific humidity ...
The manual provides detailed instructions on the audit process, which occurs at three levels a) top-down approach, b) component analysis, and c) bottom-up approach. For top-down approach, all water flow data are collected in order to calculate the water balance between input volume and the sum of consumption and losses.
The water balance equation relates the change in water stored within the basin (S) to its input and outputs: = In the equation, the change in water stored within the basin (ΔS) is related to precipitation (P) (water going into the basin), and evapotranspiration (ET), streamflow (Q), and groundwater recharge (D) (water leaving the basin). By ...
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Many water balance factors depend on the level of the water table, which again depends on some of the water-balance factors. Due to these mutual influences there can be non-linear changes throughout the season. Therefore, the computer program performs daily calculations. For this purpose, the seasonal water-balance factors given with the inpu ...