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  2. Gastrointestinal wall - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gastrointestinal_wall

    The villi contain a lacteal, a vessel connected to the lymph system that aids in the removal of lipids and tissue fluids. Microvilli are present on the epithelium of a villus and further increase the surface area over which absorption can take place. Numerous intestinal glands as pocket-like invaginations are present in the underlying tissue ...

  3. Gastrointestinal physiology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gastrointestinal_physiology

    Gastrointestinal physiology is the branch of human physiology that addresses the physical function of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract.The function of the GI tract is to process ingested food by mechanical and chemical means, extract nutrients and excrete waste products.

  4. Human digestive system - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_digestive_system

    The final branch which is important for the digestive system is the inferior mesenteric artery, which supplies the regions of the digestive tract derived from the hindgut, which includes the distal 1/3 of the transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon, rectum, and the anus above the pectinate line.

  5. Holozoic nutrition - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holozoic_nutrition

    Digestion: The physical breakdown of complex large and organic food particles and the enzymatic breakdown of complex organic compounds into small, simple molecules. Absorption : The active and passive transport of the chemical products of digestion out of the food-containing compartment and into the body

  6. Digestion - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digestion

    In most vertebrates, digestion is a multistage process in the digestive system, starting from ingestion of raw materials, most often other organisms. Ingestion usually involves some type of mechanical and chemical processing. Digestion is separated into four steps: Ingestion: placing food into the mouth (entry of food in the digestive system),

  7. Digestive enzyme - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digestive_enzyme

    Digestive enzymes take part in the chemical process of digestion, which follows the mechanical process of digestion. Food consists of macromolecules of proteins, carbohydrates, and fats that need to be broken down chemically by digestive enzymes in the mouth , stomach , pancreas , and duodenum , before being able to be absorbed into the ...

  8. Gastric glands - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gastric_glands

    The parietal cells also produce and release bicarbonate ions in response to histamine release from the nearby ECLs, and so serve a crucial role in the pH buffering system. [ 11 ] Enteroendocrine cells – They are usually present in the basal parts of the gastric glands, which is differentiated into three cell types – enterochromaffin like ...

  9. Gastrointestinal hormone - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gastrointestinal_hormone

    Relaxes smooth muscle of gut, blood vessels, and genitourinary system; increases water and electrolyte secretion from pancreas and gut; releases hormones from pancreas, gut, and hypothalamus Glucose-dependent insulinotropic