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Calculus bovis, [1] niu-huang or cattle gallstones are dried gallstones of cattle used in Chinese herbology. In China and Japan it has been long used to treat various diseases, including high fever, convulsion and stroke. [2] In Asian countries, calculus bovis are sometimes harvested when steers (Bos taurus domesticus) are slaughtered.
Jin Qian Cao or Jinqiancao (金 钱 草, "Gold Coin Grass/Herb/Weed") is a term used in traditional Chinese herbal medicine.It can refer to several different herbal species, generally identified by their native regions.
Modern Chinese medicinal zǐhéchē 紫河车 "dried human placenta" Li Shizhen's (1597) Bencao gangmu, the classic materia medica of traditional Chinese medicine , included 35 human drugs, including organs, bodily fluids, and excreta. Crude drugs derived from the human body were commonplace in the early history of medicine.
The superior, mediocre, and inferior forms of these stones are reputed to respectively cure seven, five, three patients who have been poisoned. In medieval European medical traditions, gallstones were highly esteemed as an antidote to poisoning. 'Oriental gallstones' obtained from the East were particularly prized ones.
Gallstones can be a valued by-product of animals butchered for meat because of their use as an antipyretic and antidote in the traditional medicine of some cultures, particularly traditional Chinese medicine. The most highly prized gallstones tend to be sourced from old dairy cows, termed calculus bovis or niu-huang (yellow thing of cattle) in ...
Gallstones may result from increased saturation of cholesterol or bilirubin, or from bile stasis. Lower concentrations of bile acids or phospholipids in bile reduce cholesterol solubility and lead to microcrystal formation. Oral therapy with chenodeoxycholic acid and/or ursodeoxycholic acid has been used to dissolve cholesterol gallstones.
The Liver (Chinese: 肝; pinyin: gān) is one of the zàng organs stipulated by traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). It is a functionally defined entity and not equivalent to the anatomical organ of the same name.
3D still showing gallstones. Gallstones form when the bile is saturated, usually with either cholesterol or bilirubin. [20] Most gallstones do not cause symptoms, with stones either remaining in the gallbladder or passed along the biliary system. [21] When symptoms occur, severe "colicky" pain in the upper right quadrant of the abdomen is often ...