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Hemoglobin (haemoglobin, [a] Hb or Hgb) is a protein containing iron that facilitates the transportation of oxygen in red blood cells.Almost all vertebrates contain hemoglobin, [3] with the sole exception of the fish family Channichthyidae. [4]
Heme b 2+ + 3O 2 + 4 NADPH + 4 H + → biliverdin + Fe 2+ + CO + 4 NADP + + 3H 2 O The degradation of heme forms three distinct chromogens as seen in healing cycle of a bruise (note: the standard structure of heme is mirrored in this image, the alpha-methine bridge carbon (c5) is at the top of the structure and the beta methine-bridge carbon ...
In addition, heme degradation appears to be an evolutionarily-conserved response to oxidative stress. Briefly, when cells are exposed to free radicals , there is a rapid induction of the expression of the stress-responsive heme oxygenase-1 (HMOX1) isoenzyme that catabolizes heme (see below). [ 39 ]
3.2 Cell production and degradation. 3.3 Oxygen transport. ... [4] These contain hemoglobin, which facilitates oxygen transport by reversibly binding to it, ...
Each hemoglobin molecule carries four heme groups; hemoglobin constitutes about a third of the total cell volume. Hemoglobin is responsible for the transport of more than 98% of the oxygen in the body (the remaining oxygen is carried dissolved in the blood plasma). The red blood cells of an average adult human male store collectively about 2.5 ...
Of this, about 2.5 g is contained in the hemoglobin needed to carry oxygen through the blood (around 0.5 mg of iron per mL of blood), [8] and most of the rest (approximately 2 grams in adult men, and somewhat less in women of childbearing age) is contained in ferritin complexes that are present in all cells, but most common in bone marrow ...
Like typical haemoglobin, its primary role is binding oxygen, but it also performs other functions including delivery of oxygen to oxygenases, detoxification of nitric oxide, sensing and relaying oxygen concentrations, peroxidase-like activity by eliminating autoxidation-derived H 2 O 2 that prevents haeme degradation and iron release.
A red blood cell in a hypotonic solution, causing water to move into the cell A red blood cell in a hypertonic solution, causing water to move out of the cell. Hemolysis or haemolysis (/ h iː ˈ m ɒ l ɪ s ɪ s /), [1] also known by several other names, is the rupturing of red blood cells (erythrocytes) and the release of their contents into surrounding fluid (e.g. blood plasma).