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Two modern electric lamps with lampshades. A lampshade is a fixture that envelops the light bulb on a lamp to redirect the light it emits. The shade is often affixed onto a light fixture to reduce the intensity of the light to observers, shield the light from a harsh environment, or for decoration by altering the color or creating shadows.
The Fostoria Shade and Lamp Company was the largest manufacturer of glass lamps in the United States during the early 1890s. It began operations in Fostoria, Ohio , on May 17, 1890. The plant was run by Nicholas Kopp Jr., a former chemist at Hobbs, Brockunier and Company in West Virginia .
These particles stick to the hot glass surface changing its color with interesting effects. Silver turns clear glass into a yellowish color, giving shades of blues and greens when backed with a dark color, while gold turns clear glass shades of pinks and reds. The precious metal coating becomes increasingly visible the more the glass is fumed.
The glass prisms provide a combination of uplight and downlight to illuminate any environment evenly without creating dark spots or glare. This ribbed glass shade/reflector, called "Holophane" or "Holophane style/type" is used in "vintage" style lighting, and is licensed and copied throughout the lighting industry.
A Tiffany lamp is a type of lamp made of glass and shade designed by Louis Comfort Tiffany or artisans, mostly women, and made (in originals) in his design studio. The glass in the lampshades is put together with the copper-foil technique instead of leaded, the classic technique for stained-glass windows.
An Argand lamp in use in A Portrait of James Peale, done in 1822 by Charles Willson Peale Argand lamp with circular wick and glass chimney. Illustration from Les Merveilles de la science (1867–1869) by Louis Figuier. The Argand lamp is a type of oil lamp invented in 1780 by Aimé Argand.