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Irvine–Gass syndrome, pseudophakic cystoid macular edema or postcataract CME is one of the most common causes of visual loss after cataract surgery. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] The syndrome is named in honor of S. Rodman Irvine [ 3 ] [ 4 ] and J. Donald M. Gass .
Macular edema; Other names: Macular oedema, [1] familial macular edema: A 61-year-old man with medical history of type 2 diabetes that presents a macular edema, evidenced by an OCT (the edema marked with arrows). The central image is a 3D reconstruction of the retinal thickness (the edema is coloured in red). Specialty: Ophthalmology
(H35.3) Age-related macular degeneration — the photosensitive cells in the macula malfunction and over time cease to work (H35.3) Macular degeneration — loss of central vision, due to macular degeneration Bull's Eye Maculopathy (H35.3) Epiretinal membrane — a transparent layer forms and tightens over the retina (H35.4) Peripheral retinal ...
Diabetes, for example, is the leading cause of new cases of blindness in those aged 20–74, with ocular manifestations such as diabetic retinopathy and macular edema affecting up to 80% of those who have had the disease for 15 years or more.
Generally, diseases outlined within the ICD-10 codes H30-H36 within Chapter VII: Diseases of the eye, adnexa should be included in this category. Wikimedia Commons has media related to Disorders of choroid and retina .
Many cases are asymptomatic, however patients many have decreased vision, glare, monocular diplopia or polyopia, and noticeable iris changes. [2] [5] On exam patients have normal to decreased visual acuity, and a "beaten metal appearance" of the corneal endothelium, corneal edema, increased intraocular pressure, peripheral anterior synechiae, and iris changes.
Advanced retinopathy lesions, such as microaneurysms, blot hemorrhages and/or flame hemorrhages, ischemic changes (e.g. "cotton wool spots"), hard exudates and in severe cases swelling of the optic disc (optic disc edema), a ring of exudates around the retina called a "macular star" and visual acuity loss, typically due to macular involvement.
Berlin's edema (commotio retinae) a common condition caused by blunt injury to the eye. [2] It is characterized by decreased vision in the injured eye a few hours after the injury. Under examination the retina appears opaque and white in colour in the periphery but the blood vessels are normally seen along with "cherry red spot" in the foveal ...