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A load line diagram, illustrating an operating point in the transistor's active region.. Biasing is the setting of the DC operating point of an electronic component. For bipolar junction transistors (BJTs), the operating point is defined as the steady-state DC collector-emitter voltage and the collector current with no input signal applied.
The problem has become more acute as transistors have shrunk, as there is less averaging of the effect over a large gate area. Thus, different transistors experience different amounts of NBTI, defeating standard circuit design techniques for tolerating manufacturing variability which depend on the close matching of adjacent transistors.
For bipolar junction transistors the bias point is chosen to keep the transistor operating in the active mode, using a variety of circuit techniques, establishing the Q-point DC voltage and current. A small signal is then applied on top of the bias.
Figure 2: A negative-feedback amplifier. The circuit can be explained by viewing the transistor as being under the control of negative feedback.From this viewpoint, a common-collector stage (Fig. 1) is an amplifier with full series negative feedback.
In electronics, emitter-coupled logic (ECL) is a high-speed integrated circuit bipolar transistor logic family. ECL uses an overdriven bipolar junction transistor (BJT) differential amplifier with single-ended input and limited emitter current to avoid the saturated (fully on) region of operation and the resulting slow turn-off behavior. [ 2 ]
Assume that the semiconductor wafer is p-type material.Also assume a ring of n-type material is placed around a transistor, and placed beneath the transistor. If the p-type material within the n-type ring is now connected to the negative terminal of the power supply and the n-type ring is connected to the positive terminal, the 'holes' in the p-type region are pulled away from the p–n ...
As in the case of the bipolar transistor version of this circuit, the output impedance is much larger than it would be for the standard two-transistor current mirror. Since r O 4 {\displaystyle \scriptstyle r_{O4}} would be the same as the output impedance of the standard mirror, the ratio of the two is 2 + g m 4 r O 1 {\displaystyle ...
A translinear circuit is a circuit that carries out its function using the translinear principle. These are current-mode circuits that can be made using transistors that obey an exponential current-voltage characteristic—this includes bipolar junction transistors (BJTs) and CMOS transistors in weak inversion.