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The rock dove, rock pigeon, or common pigeon (/ ˈ p ɪ dʒ. ə n / also / ˈ p ɪ dʒ. ɪ n /; Columba livia) is a member of the bird family Columbidae (doves and pigeons). [3]: 624 In common usage, it is often simply referred to as the "pigeon", although this is the wild form of the bird; the pigeons most familiar to people are the domesticated form of the wild rock dove.
The bird most commonly referred to as "pigeon" is the domestic pigeon, or rock dove, which is common in many cities as the feral pigeon. Doves and pigeons build relatively flimsy nests, often using sticks and other debris, which may be placed on branches of trees, on ledges, or on the ground, depending on species.
The chestnut-quilled rock pigeon is a dark sooty brown pigeon with a distinctive bright chestnut patch on its wing visible in flight. This patch is often hidden in the folded wing. The pigeon has a wingspan of 138 to 155 mm (5.4 to 6.1 in), a bill measuring 11.0 to 14.5 mm (0.43 to 0.57 in) and weighs between 130 and 178 grams (4.6 and 6.3 oz). [2]
Rock pigeon with checkered plumage at Wells Harbor in Maine Sunday, March 31, 2024. For example, just this weekend brilliant yellow male goldfinches showed up at my feeders.
The pigeon's habitat is rocky escarpments and gorges where they move easily among the rocks and boulders. They share a distinctive jizz with the chestnut-quilled rock pigeon, often appearing on a prominent rock or ledge with their body held horizontally, their tail held clear of the ground and their wings drooping below their tail. [3]
African olive pigeon (C. arquatrix) Nilgiri wood pigeon (C. elphinstonii) The extinct Lord Howe pigeon (C. vitiensis godmanae) is known only from some travellers' reports. There are 35 species recognised in the genus, of which two are extinct: [12] Rock dove, Columba livia; Hill pigeon, Columba rupestris; Snow pigeon, Columba leuconota
The domestic pigeon (Columba livia domestica or Columba livia forma domestica) [2] is a pigeon subspecies that was derived from the rock dove or rock pigeon. The rock pigeon is the world's oldest domesticated bird. Mesopotamian cuneiform tablets mention the domestication of pigeons more than 5,000 years ago, as do Egyptian hieroglyphics.
Petrophassa, commonly known as the rock pigeons, is a small genus of doves in the family Columbidae native to Australia, and similar to bronzewing pigeons. The genus was introduced in 1841 by the English ornithologist and bird artist John Gould with the white-quilled rock pigeon ( Petrophassa albipennis ) as the type species .