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The history of cotton can be traced from its domestication, through the important role it played in the history of India, the British Empire, and the United States, to its continuing importance as a crop and commodity. The history of the domestication of cotton is very complex and is not known exactly. [1]
Cotton (Gossypium herbaceum Linnaeus) may have been domesticated 5000 BC in eastern Sudan near the Middle Nile Basin region, where cotton cloth was being produced. [21] Around the 4th century BC, the cultivation of cotton and the knowledge of its spinning and weaving in Meroë reached a high level.
Domestic barley has also been found, in the Zagros Mountains, at the neolithic sites of Ali Kosh (Iran) and Jarmo (Iraq), dated between 7000 and 8000 BC, and in South Asia at the neolithic site of Mehrgarh (Pakistan) from about 7000 BC. [2] 6th millennium BC: Cotton is domesticated in the Old World in neolithic Mehrgarh, Pakistan.
Maize (Zea mays) found its way to South America from Mesoamerica, where wild teosinte was domesticated about 7000 BC and selectively bred to become domestic maize. Cotton was domesticated in Peru by 4200 BC; another species of cotton was domesticated in Mesoamerica and became by far the most important species of cotton in the textile industry ...
A study reported that crops of squash, peanuts, and cotton were domesticated in Peru around 10,000, 8,500, and 6,000 years ago, respectively. They were grown by the Ñanchoc people in the Ñanchoc Valley. No earlier instances of the farming of these crops are known. [2]
Gossypium hirsutum, also known as upland cotton or Mexican cotton, is the most widely planted species of cotton in the world. Globally, about 90% of all cotton production is of cultivars derived from this species. [2] In the United States, the world's largest exporter of cotton, it constitutes approximately 95% of all cotton production.
Coca was domesticated in the Andes, as were the peanut, tomato, tobacco, and pineapple. [55] Cotton was domesticated in Peru by 3,600 BC. [64] Animals including llamas, alpacas, and guinea pigs were domesticated there. [65] In North America, the indigenous people of the East domesticated crops such as sunflower, tobacco, [66] squash and ...
Gossypium barbadense L. – Creole cotton/Sea Island Cotton (tropical South America) Gossypium darwinii G.Watt – Darwin's cotton (Galápagos Islands) Gossypium hirsutum L. – upland cotton (Central America, Mexico, the Caribbean and southern Florida) Gossypium mustelinum Miers ex G.Watt; Gossypium tomentosum Nutt. ex Seem – Maʻo or ...