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Juniper berries are sometimes regarded as arils, [3] like the berry-like cones of yews. Juniperus communis berries vary from 4 millimetres ( 1 ⁄ 8 inch) to 12 millimetres ( 1 ⁄ 2 inch) in diameter; other species are mostly similar in size, though some are larger, notably J. drupacea ( 20–28 mm or 3 ⁄ 4 – 1 + 1 ⁄ 8 in).
Juniper berries are a spice used in a wide variety of culinary dishes and are best known for the primary flavoring in gin (and responsible for gin's name, which is a shortening of the Dutch word for juniper, jenever). A juniper-based spirit is made by fermenting juniper berries and water to create a "wine" that is then distilled.
Juniperus communis, the common juniper, is a species of small tree or shrub in the cypress family Cupressaceae. An evergreen conifer , it has the largest geographical range of any woody plant , with a circumpolar distribution throughout the cool temperate Northern Hemisphere .
Juniperus virginiana foliage and mature cones. Juniperus virginiana is a dense slow-growing coniferous evergreen tree with a conical or subcylindrical shaped crown [8] that may never become more than a bush on poor soil, but is ordinarily from 5–20 metres (16–66 feet) tall, with a short trunk 30–100 centimetres (12–39 inches) in diameter, rarely to 27 m (89 ft) in height and 170 cm (67 ...
Arranged in opposite decussate pairs or whorls of three, the adult leaves are scale-like, 1–2 mm long (5 mm on lead shoots) and 1–1.5 mm broad. The cones are berry-like, 5–10 mm in diameter, blue-brown with a whitish waxy bloom, [2] and mature in about 18 months. The male cones are 2–4 mm long and shed their pollen in early spring.
A small quantity of ripe berries can be eaten as an emergency food or as a sage-like seasoning for meat. The dried berries can be roasted and ground into a coffee substitute. [10] Utah juniper is an aromatic plant. Essential oil extracted from the trunk and limb is prominent in α-pinene, δ-3-carene, and cis-thujopsene.
The leaves are scale-like, 2 to 5 millimetres (1 ⁄ 16 to 3 ⁄ 16 inch) long, and produced on rounded (not flattened) shoots. It is a dioecious species, with separate male and female plants. The seed cones are round, 3 to 5 mm ( 1 ⁄ 8 to 3 ⁄ 16 in) long, and soft, pulpy and berry -like, green at first, maturing purple about 8 months after ...
The seed cones are berry-like, green ripening in 18 months to orange-red with a variable pink waxy coating; they are spherical, 7–12 mm (1 ⁄ 4 – 1 ⁄ 2 in) diameter, and have three or six fused scales in 1–2 whorls, three of the scales with a single seed.