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A solitary pulmonary nodule (SPN) or coin lesion, [1] is a mass in the lung smaller than three centimeters in diameter. A pulmonary micronodule has a diameter of less than three millimetres. [2] There may also be multiple nodules. One or more lung nodules can be an incidental finding found in up to 0.2% of chest X-rays [3] and around 1% of CT ...
The Pancoast tumor was first described by Hare in 1838 as a "tumor involving certain nerves". [2] It was not until 1924 that the tumor was described in further detail, when Henry Pancoast, a radiologist from Philadelphia, published an article in which he reported and studied many cases of apical chest tumors that all shared the same radiographic findings and associated clinical symptoms, such ...
The invading organism starts multiplying, thereby releasing toxins that cause inflammation and edema of the lung parenchyma. This leads to the accumulation of cellular debris within the lungs. This leads to consolidation or solidification, terms used for macroscopic or radiologic appearance of the lungs affected by pneumonia.
Microscopic photograph of small cell lung carcinoma under high power. Imaging tests are often the first diagnostic step if a patient reports symptoms that may be suggestive of lung cancer. [15] A chest x-ray is the most standard imaging test to look for any abnormality within the lung.
Cardiogenic pulmonary edema and ARDS are common causes of a fluid-filled lung. Diffuse alveolar hemorrhage is a rarer cause of diffuse GGO seen in some types of vasculitis, autoimmune conditions, and bleeding disorders. [6] Inflammation and fibrosis can also cause diffuse GGOs.
The Berlin Criteria specifies: [4] Timing: onset of respiratory symptoms within one week of an injury/insult. Chest Imaging: either chest x-ray or CT scan, must show bilateral opacities that cannot be fully explained by other conditions such as effusion, lung/lobar collapse, or lung nodules.
Occupational exposures to carcinogens cause 9–15% of lung cancer. [72] A prominent example is asbestos, which causes lung cancer either directly or indirectly by inflaming the lung. [72] Exposure to all commercially available forms of asbestos increases cancer risk, and cancer risk increases with time of exposure. [72]
If left untreated, aspiration pneumonia can progress to form a lung abscess. [5] Another possible complication is an empyema , in which pus collects inside the lungs. [ 6 ] If continual aspiration occurs, the chronic inflammation can cause compensatory thickening of the insides of the lungs, resulting in bronchiectasis .