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A mushroom or toadstool is the fleshy, spore-bearing fruiting body of a fungus, typically produced above ground, on soil, or on its food source.
The Amanitaceae is a family of mushroom-forming fungi. Amanita Pers. is one of the most speciose and best-known fungal genera. [1] The family, also commonly called the amanita family [citation needed], is in order Agaricales, the gilled mushrooms.
It is the largest group of mushroom-forming fungi, and includes more than 600 genera and over 25,000 species. [1] Molecular phylogenetics analyses of ribosomal DNA sequences have led to advances in our understanding of the Agaricales, and substantially revised earlier assessments of families and genera . [ 2 ]
The genus Amanita was first published with its current meaning by Christian Hendrik Persoon in 1797. [1] Under the International Code of Botanical Nomenclature, Persoon's concept of Amanita, with Amanita muscaria (L.) Pers. as the type species, has been officially conserved against the older Amanita Boehm (1760), which is considered a synonym of Agaricus L. [2]
The following is a list of species of the agaric genus Amanita.This genus contains over 500 named species and varieties and follows the classification of subgenera and sections of Amanita outline by Corner and Bas; Bas, [1] [2] as used by Tulloss (2007) and modified by Redhead & al. (2016) [3] for Amanita subgenus Amanitina and Singer for Amanita section Roanokenses.
The common "button mushroom", Agaricus bisporus, is the most widely cultivated edible mushroom. Agaricus blazei is a well-known medicinal mushroom used for a number of therapeutic and medicinal purposes. [11] [12] Several species are poisonous, such as some Lepiota, Agaricus sect. Xanthodermatei and Chlorophyllum species . [8]
The English word fungus is directly adopted from the Latin fungus (mushroom), used in the writings of Horace and Pliny. [10] This in turn is derived from the Greek word sphongos (σφόγγος 'sponge'), which refers to the macroscopic structures and morphology of mushrooms and molds; [11] the root is also used in other languages, such as the German Schwamm ('sponge') and Schimmel ('mold').
Agaricus is a genus of mushroom-forming fungi containing both edible and poisonous species, with over 400 members worldwide [2] [3] and possibly again as many disputed or newly-discovered species.