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Vitamin D deficiency is typically diagnosed by measuring the concentration of the 25-hydroxyvitamin D in the blood, which is the most accurate measure of stores of vitamin D in the body. [1][7][2] One nanogram per millilitre (1 ng/mL) is equivalent to 2.5 nanomoles per litre (2.5 nmol/L). Severe deficiency: <12 ng/mL = <30 nmol/L[2] Deficiency ...
Michael F. Holick (/ ˈhɒlɪk / HOLL-ik; [1] born 1946) is an American adult endocrinologist, specializing in vitamin D, such as the identification of both calcidiol, the major circulating form of vitamin D, and calcitriol, the active form of vitamin D. His work has been the basis for diagnostic tests and therapies for vitamin D-related diseases.
Vitamin D 5. sitocalciferol. (made from 7-dehydrositosterol) Several forms (vitamers) of vitamin D exist, with the two major forms being vitamin D 2 or ergocalciferol, and vitamin D 3 or cholecalciferol. [ 1 ] The term 'vitamin D' refers to either D 2 or D 3, or both, and is known collectively as calciferol.
Ergocalciferol, also known as vitamin D2 and nonspecifically calciferol, is a type of vitamin D found in food and used as a dietary supplement. [3] As a supplement it is used to prevent and treat vitamin D deficiency. [4] This includes vitamin D deficiency due to poor absorption by the intestines or liver disease. [5]
Calcifediol binds in the blood to vitamin D-binding protein (also known as gc-globulin) and is the main circulating vitamin D metabolite. [4] [5] Calcifediol has an elimination half-life of around 15 to 30 days. [4] [9] Calcifediol is further hydroxylated at the 1-alpha-position in the kidneys to form 1,25-(OH) 2 D 3, calcitriol.
Calcitriol is a hormone and the active form of vitamin D, normally made in the kidney. [8][9][10] It is also known as 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol. It binds to and activates the vitamin D receptor in the nucleus of the cell, which then increases the expression of many genes. [11]