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Some research has suggested the half-life of clonidine is dose dependent and approximately doubles upon chronic dosing, [93] while other work contradicts this. [6] Following a 0.3 mg oral dose, a small study of five patients by Dollery et al. (1976) found half-lives ranging between 6.3 and 23.4 hours ( mean 12.7). [ 94 ]
Biological half-life (elimination half-life, pharmacological half-life) is the time taken for concentration of a biological substance (such as a medication) to decrease from its maximum concentration (C max) to half of C max in the blood plasma. [1][2][3][4][5] It is denoted by the abbreviation . [2][4] This is used to measure the removal of ...
In dogs, sheep, horses, and cattle, the half-life is very short: only 1.21– 5.97 minutes. Complete elimination of the drug can take up to 23 minutes in sheep and up to 49 minutes in horses. [1] [3] In young rats the half life is one hour. [18] Xylazine has a large volume of distribution of V d = 1.9 – 2.5 for horses, cattle, sheep, and dogs ...
Tizanidine. Tizanidine, sold under the brand name Zanaflex among others, is an alpha-2 (α 2) adrenergic receptor agonist, [2] similar to clonidine, that is used to treat muscle spasticity due to spinal cord injury, multiple sclerosis, and spastic cerebral palsy. [3] Effectiveness appears similar to baclofen or diazepam. [4]
It has an elimination half-life of 19–60 hours. [10] Peak blood concentrations of 6.5–13.5 ng/mL were usually reached within 1–2 hours following a single 2 mg oral dose of micronized clonazepam in healthy adults. In some individuals, however, peak blood concentrations were reached at 4–8 hours. [130]
The elimination half-life for target patients is around 14–15 hours. No dose adjustment is needed for patients with renal impairment and moderate hepatic impairment. [38] [32] 10–20% of terazosin is excreted unchanged in urine and feces during oral administration. 40% is eliminated in urine and 60% in feces. Eliminations half-life for ...
Dexmedetomidine, sold under the trade name Precedex among others, is a drug used in humans for sedation. [4] Veterinarians use dexmedetomidine for similar purposes in treating cats, dogs, and horses. [8][9] It is also used in humans to treat acute agitation associated with schizophrenia or bipolar disorder. [5]
Clonazolam (also known as clonitrazolam) is a drug of the triazolobenzodiazepine (TBZD) class, which are benzodiazepines (BZDs) fused with a triazole ring. Although little research has been done about its effects and metabolism, it is sold online as a designer drug. [2][3][4][5][6] The synthesis of clonazolam was first reported in 1971 and the ...