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2. Fire sprinkler - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fire_sprinkler

   A fire sprinkler or sprinkler head is the component of a fire sprinkler system that discharges water when the effects of a fire have been detected, such as when a predetermined temperature has been exceeded. Fire sprinklers are extensively used worldwide, with over 40 million sprinkler heads fitted each year. In buildings protected by properly ...

3. Fire sprinkler system - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fire_sprinkler_system

   Fire sprinkler system. A glass bulb type sprinkler head will spray water into the room if sufficient heat reaches the bulb and causes it to shatter. Sprinkler heads operate individually. Note the red liquid in the glass bulb. A fire sprinkler system is an active fire protection method, consisting of a water supply system providing adequate ...

4. K-factor (fire protection) - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/K-factor_(fire_protection)

   K-factor (fire protection) In fire protection engineering, the K-factor formula is used to calculate the volumetric flow rate from a nozzle. Spray nozzles can for example be fire sprinklers or water mist nozzles, hose reel nozzles, water monitors and deluge fire system nozzles.

5. Standpipe (firefighting) - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standpipe_(firefighting)

   External access point for fire sprinkler and dry standpipe at a building in San Francisco, US Antique wet standpipe preserved at Edison and Ford Winter Estates. A standpipe or riser is a type of rigid water piping which is built into multi-story buildings in a vertical position, or into bridges in a horizontal position, to which fire hoses can be connected, allowing manual application of water ...

6. Hydraulic calculation - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydraulic_calculation

   Hydraulic calculations verify that the water flowrate (or water mixed with additives like firefighting foam concentrate) through piping networks for the purpose of suppressing or extinguishing a fire will be sufficient to meet design objectives. The hydraulic calculation procedure is defined in the applicable reference model codes such as that ...

7. Active fire protection - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Active_fire_protection

   A typical automatic sprinkler system operates when heat at the site of a fire causes a fusible link or glass component in the sprinkler head to fail, thereby releasing the water from the sprinkler head. [5] This means that only the sprinkler heads at the fire location actuate – not all the sprinklers on a floor or in a building.