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8.7% (lifetime risk); 3.5% (12-month risk) (US) [7] Post-traumatic stress disorder ( PTSD ) [ b ] is a mental and behavioral disorder [ 8 ] that develops from experiencing a traumatic event, such as sexual assault , warfare , traffic collisions , child abuse , domestic violence , or other threats on a person's life or well-being.
The Three Rs (3Rs) are guiding principles for more ethical use of animals in product testing and scientific research. They were first described by W. M. S. Russell and R. L. Burch in 1959. [1] The 3Rs are: Replacement: methods which avoid the use of animals in research. Reduction: use of methods that enable researchers to minimise the number of ...
Research. Field experiments are experiments carried out outside of laboratory settings. They randomly assign subjects (or other sampling units) to either treatment or control groups to test claims of causal relationships. Random assignment helps establish the comparability of the treatment and control group so that any differences between them ...
Psychological abuse, often known as emotional abuse or psychological violence, is a form of abuse characterized by a person subjecting or exposing another person to a behavior that may result in psychological trauma, including anxiety, chronic depression, clinical depression or post-traumatic stress disorder amongst other psychological problems.
The term "biocontainment" is related to laboratory biosafety. [2][3] Merriam-Webster 's online dictionary reports the first use of the term in 1966, defined as "the containment of extremely pathogenic organisms (such as viruses) usually by isolation in secure facilities to prevent their accidental release especially during research".
Abnormal psychology is the branch of psychology that studies unusual patterns of behavior, emotion, and thought, which could possibly be understood as a mental disorder. Although many behaviors could be considered as abnormal, this branch of psychology typically deals with behavior in a clinical context. [1][2]: 1–4 There is a long history of ...
Symbolic violence is a term coined by Pierre Bourdieu, a prominent 20th-century French sociologist, and appears in his works as early as the 1970s. [1] Symbolic violence describes a type of non-physical violence manifested in the power differential between social groups. It is often unconsciously agreed upon by both parties and is manifested in ...
Biopsychosocial model. Biopsychosocial models are a class of trans-disciplinary models which look at the interconnection between biology, psychology, and socio - environmental factors. These models specifically examine how these aspects play a role in a range of topics but mainly psychiatry, health and human development.