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Titanium dioxide, also known as titanium(IV) oxide or titania / t aɪ ˈ t eɪ n i ə /, is the inorganic compound derived from titanium with the chemical formula TiO 2. When used as a pigment, it is called titanium white, Pigment White 6 (PW6), or CI 77891. [4] It is a white solid that is insoluble in water, although mineral forms can appear ...
Titanium dioxide has been found to be toxic to plants and small organisms such as worms, nematodes, and small arthropods. [22] The toxicity of TiO 2 nanoparticles on nematodes increases with smaller nanoparticle diameter specifically 7 nm nanoparticles relative to 45 nm nanoparticles, but growth and reproduction are still affected regardless of ...
Nevertheless, anatase is often the first titanium dioxide phase to form in many processes due to its lower surface energy, with a transformation to rutile taking place at elevated temperatures. [7] Although the degree of symmetry is the same for both anatase and rutile phases, there is no relation between the interfacial angles of the two ...
A common reduced titanium oxide is TiO, also known as titanium monoxide. It can be prepared from titanium dioxide and titanium metal at 1500 °C. [4] Ti 3 O 5, Ti 4 O 7, and Ti 5 O 9 are non-stoichiometric oxides. These compounds are typically formed at high temperatures in the presence of excess oxygen.
Titanium dioxide is the most commonly used compound of titanium. About 95% of all titanium ore is destined for refinement into titanium dioxide (TiO 2), an intensely white permanent pigment used in paints, paper, toothpaste, and plastics. [31] It is also used in cement, in gemstones, and as an optical opacifier in paper. [98] TiO
Titanium dioxide (TiO2) is a bright white substance first named and created in a laboratory in the mid-19th century. It was initially used as a pigment in the ceramic arts for yellow glazes later in the century, and by the 1890s artists started to use white mixtures containing the compound.
Titanium tetrachloride is also used to make titanium dioxide, e.g., for use in white paint. [19] It is widely used in organic chemistry as a Lewis acid, for example in the Mukaiyama aldol condensation. [20] In the van Arkel–de Boer process, titanium tetraiodide (TiI 4) is generated in the production of high purity titanium metal. [21]
Brookite is the orthorhombic variant of titanium dioxide (TiO 2), which occurs in four known natural polymorphic forms (minerals with the same composition but different structure). The other three of these forms are akaogiite ( monoclinic ), anatase ( tetragonal ) and rutile ( tetragonal ).