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C-reactive protein (CRP) is an annular (ring-shaped) pentameric protein found in blood plasma, whose circulating concentrations rise in response to inflammation. It is an acute-phase protein of hepatic origin that increases following interleukin-6 secretion by macrophages and T cells .
Catabolite Activator Protein (blue) bound to a piece of DNA (red). In cell biology, catabolite activator protein (CAP), which is also known as cAMP receptor protein (CRP), is a trans-acting transcriptional activator in bacteria that effectively catalyzes the initiation of DNA transcription by interacting with RNA polymerase in a way that causes the DNA to bend.
[1] [2] CRP then activates transcription through direct protein–protein interactions with RNA polymerase. [1] [2] The genes regulated by CRP are mostly involved in energy metabolism, such as galactose, citrate, or the PEP group translocation system. [3] [4] In Escherichia coli, CRP can regulate the transcription of more than 100 genes. [5]
The trial focused on patients with normal low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels but increased levels of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP). JUPITER was the first clinical trial to indicate that statin therapy may provide benefit to patients with low-to-normal LDL levels and no known cardiovascular disease.
C-reactive protein, an acute phase protein produced by the liver; cAMP receptor protein (catabolite gene activator protein) Cysteine-rich protein, a class of small proteins; Carbon-fiber-reinforced polymers; Chinese restaurant process, in probability theory; Chronic relapsing polyneuropathy, an acquired disorder of the nervous system
In contrast, C-reactive protein (with a half-life of 6–8 hours) rises rapidly and can quickly return to within the normal range if treatment is employed. For example, in active systemic lupus erythematosus, one may find a raised ESR but normal C-reactive protein. [citation needed] They may also indicate liver failure. [11]
The cytokine Interleukin 6 and C-reactive protein are common inflammatory markers used to diagnose systemic inflammation risk. [3] Baseline C-reactive protein levels deviate due to natural genetic variation, but significant increases can result from risk factors such as smoking, obesity, lifestyle, and high blood pressure. [3]
CRP in blood has a half life of less than a day, compared with 4 days for fibrinogen. A continuously elevated CRP content indicates a persistent proinflammatory stimulus in the body. CRP binds to host or bacterial phosphocholine, and the complex activates a group of plasma proteins called complement (Sect. 3.3.2).