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The Isis Apocalypse: The History, Strategy, and Doomsday Vision of the Islamic State (Reprint ed.). New York City: St Martin's Press. ISBN 978-1250112644. Nance, Malcolm (2017). Defeating ISIS: Who They Are, How They Fight, What They Believe. New York City: Skyhorse Publishing. ISBN 978-1510711846. Warrick, Joby (2015). Black Flags: The Rise of ...
On 8 April 2013, ISI leader Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi publicly claimed that he had created Jabhat al-Nusra as a Syrian extension of the ISI and announced that he was forcibly merging it with the ISI into one group under his command, forming the "Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant" (ISIL), also known as "Islamic State of Iraq and Syria" (ISIS).
The parallel use of both ISIS and ISIL as acronym originated from uncertainty in how to translate the Arabic word "ash-Shām" (or "al-Sham") in the group's April 2013 name, which can be translated variously as "the Levant", "Greater Syria", "Syria" or even "Damascus". This led to the widely used translations of "Islamic State in Iraq and the ...
This is a list of current and former members of the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL), or also known as Islamic State of Iraq and Syria (ISIS) and its previous incarnations, including operating as a branch of al-Qaeda known as al-Qaeda in Iraq (AQI), from 2004 to 2006. [1]
The Islamic State (IS) had its core in Iraq and Syria from 2013 to 2017 and 2019 respectively, where the proto-state controlled significant swathes of urban, rural, and desert territory, mainly in the Mesopotamian region. [14]
Scholastic. Barelvi; Dawat-e-Islami; Deobandi; Nurcu; Salafism. Madkhalism; Ahl-i Hadith; Sahwa movement; Wahhabism; International propagation; by country/region ...
No. Portrait Name (Birth–Death) Time of Leadership Note(s) Announced Left office Time in office 1 Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi. أَبُو بَكْرٍ ٱلْبَغْدَادِيُّ
Oil production and smuggling was the largest source of revenue for the finances of the Islamic State (IS or ISIS) [1] [2] in Syria and Iraq until the complete loss of its territory in 2019. Most oil extracted was distributed for use within the Islamic State , but some was also smuggled to surrounding states at below market price.