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A constant-recursive sequence is any sequence of integers, rational numbers, algebraic numbers, real numbers, or complex numbers,,,, … (written as () = as a shorthand) satisfying a formula of the form
These considerations concern the recursion depth only. Either way of iterating leads to the same number of reduction steps, involving the same rules (when the rules b6 and b7 are considered "the same"). The reduction of (,) for instance converges in 35 steps: 12 × b1, 4 × b2, 1 × b3, 4 × b5, 12 × b6/b7, 1 × r9, 1 × r10.
In mathematics, a recurrence relation is an equation according to which the th term of a sequence of numbers is equal to some combination of the previous terms. Often, only previous terms of the sequence appear in the equation, for a parameter that is independent of ; this number is called the order of the relation.
This sequence of approximations begins 1 / 1 , 3 / 2 , 7 / 5 , 17 / 12 , and 41 / 29 , so the sequence of Pell numbers begins with 1, 2, 5, 12, and 29. The numerators of the same sequence of approximations are half the companion Pell numbers or Pell–Lucas numbers ; these numbers form a second infinite ...
To calculate a Pythagorean triple, take any term of this sequence and convert it to an improper fraction (for mixed number , the corresponding improper fraction is ). Then its numerator and denominator are the sides, b and a, of a right triangle, and the hypotenuse is b + 1. For example:
In mathematics, the Perrin numbers are a doubly infinite constant-recursive integer sequence with characteristic equation x 3 = x + 1. The Perrin numbers, named after the French engineer Raoul Perrin [ fr ] , bear the same relationship to the Padovan sequence as the Lucas numbers do to the Fibonacci sequence .
The ordinary generating function of a sequence can be expressed as a rational function (the ratio of two finite-degree polynomials) if and only if the sequence is a linear recursive sequence with constant coefficients; this generalizes the examples above. Conversely, every sequence generated by a fraction of polynomials satisfies a linear ...
The Padovan sequence numbers can be written in terms of powers of the roots of the equation [1] = This equation has 3 roots; one real root p (known as the plastic ratio) and two complex conjugate roots q and r. [5] Given these three roots, the Padovan sequence can be expressed by a formula involving p, q and r :