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A useful tool for dealing with high frequency magnetic effects is the complex permeability. While at low frequencies in a linear material the magnetic field and the auxiliary magnetic field are simply proportional to each other through some scalar permeability, at high frequencies these quantities will react to each other with some lag time. [36]
Magnetic field (green) created by a current-carrying winding (red) in a typical magnetic core transformer or inductor, with the iron core C forming a closed loop, possibly with air gaps G in it. The drawing shows a section through the core. The purpose of the core is to provide a closed high permeability path for the magnetic field lines.
In other words, the easy axis is an energetically favorable direction of spontaneous magnetization. Because the two opposite directions along an easy axis are usually equivalently easy to magnetize along, the actual direction of magnetization can just as easily settle into either direction, which is an example of spontaneous symmetry breaking.
Paramagnetism, ferromagnetism, and spin waves. Ferromagnetism is a property of certain materials (such as iron) that results in a significant, observable magnetic permeability, and in many cases, a significant magnetic coercivity, allowing the material to form a permanent magnet.
In physics and engineering, permeation (also called imbuing) is the penetration of a permeate (a fluid such as a liquid, gas, or vapor) through a solid.It is directly related to the concentration gradient of the permeate, a material's intrinsic permeability, and the materials' mass diffusivity. [1]
They also have high magnetic permeability. These so-called ceramic magnets are cheap, and are widely used in household products such as refrigerator magnets. The maximum magnetic field B is about 0.35 tesla and the magnetic field strength H is about 30–160 kiloampere turns per meter (400–2000 oersteds). [33]
For a magnetic circuit constructed with an air gap or air gaps, the permeability of a hypothetical homogeneous material which would provide the same reluctance; (these "effective" above are sizes of a toroid core made from the same material which has the same magnetic properties as the core); Minimum cross-section, A min; Inductance factor, A L
The best shape for magnetic shields is thus a closed container surrounding the shielded volume. The effectiveness of this type of shielding depends on the material's permeability, which generally drops off at both very low magnetic field strengths and high field strengths where the material becomes saturated. Therefore, to achieve low residual ...