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The conformation of G is syn, C2'-endo; for C it is anti, C3'-endo. [13] A linear DNA molecule having free ends can rotate, to adjust to changes of various dynamic processes in the cell, by changing how many times the two chains of its double helix twist around each other. Some DNA molecules are circular and are topologically constrained.
The looped conformation of the DNA backbone is very different from the typical DNA helix. The green spheres in the center represent potassium ions. [62] At the ends of the linear chromosomes are specialized regions of DNA called telomeres.
Three DNA conformations are believed to be found in nature, A-DNA, B-DNA, and Z-DNA. The "B" form described by James D. Watson and Francis Crick is believed to predominate in cells. [ 2 ] James D. Watson and Francis Crick described this structure as a double helix with a radius of 10 Å and pitch of 34 Å , making one complete turn about its ...
A-DNA is broader and more compressed along its axis than B-DNA. [2] [3] The identifiable characteristic of A-DNA X-ray crystallography is the hole in the center. [2] A-DNA has a C3'-endo pucker, which refers to the C3' carbon in the furanose ring being below the sugar plane.
Z-DNA is quite different from the right-handed forms. In fact, Z-DNA is often compared against B-DNA in order to illustrate the major differences. The Z-DNA helix is left-handed and has a structure that repeats every other base pair. The major and minor grooves, unlike A- and B-DNA, show little difference in width.
The double-helix model of DNA structure was first published in the journal Nature by James Watson and Francis Crick in 1953, [6] (X,Y,Z coordinates in 1954 [7]) based on the work of Rosalind Franklin and her student Raymond Gosling, who took the crucial X-ray diffraction image of DNA labeled as "Photo 51", [8] [9] and Maurice Wilkins, Alexander Stokes, and Herbert Wilson, [10] and base-pairing ...
Non-B DNA is DNA in any conformation other than the canonical conformation, the most common form of DNA found in nature at neutral pH and physiological salt concentrations. [1] Non-B DNA structures can arise due to various factors, including DNA sequence, length, supercoiling, and environmental conditions.
There are two different types of intramolecular triplex DNA: H-DNA and H*-DNA. Formation of H-DNA is stabilized under acidic conditions and in the presence of divalent cations such as Mg 2+. In this conformation, the homopyrimidine strand in the duplex bends back to bind to the purine strand in a parallel fashion.