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Pullman Strike, (May 11, 1894–c. July 20, 1894), in U.S. history, widespread railroad strike and boycott that severely disrupted rail traffic in the Midwest of the United States in June–July 1894. The federal government’s response to the unrest marked the first time that an injunction was used to break a strike.
The Pullman Strike was two interrelated strikes in 1894 that shaped national labor policy in the United States during a period of deep economic depression. First came a strike by the American Railway Union (ARU) against the Pullman factory in Chicago in spring 1894.
With the arrival of federal troops, the Pullman strike turned bloody, with some rioters destroying hundreds of railroad cars in South Chicago on July 6, and National Guardsmen firing into a mob...
Effects. Growing anger ended in violence at a gathering of workers in Blue Island, Illinois. Among the damaged property was a locomotive attached to a U.S. mail railcar. Since the protest had affected federal government business, U.S. President Grover Cleveland and his cabinet got involved in the strike.
Pullman workers, who had formed a grievance committee to negotiate with the company, were getting nowhere, and, though ARU leadership advised against it, a strike broke out at the Pullman factories on May 11,1894. The timing was unfortunate, since the company could afford to withstand a work stoppage financially by relying on existing leases.
In the late spring of 1894, over four thousand workers at the Pullman Palace Car Company went out on strike. The company seemed an unlikely place for a strike, as its workers inhabited the well-appointed company town of Pullman, located near Chicago, Illinois.
The Pullman Strike of 1894 was a milestone in American labor history, as the widespread strike by railroad workers brought business to a standstill across large parts of the nation until the federal government took unprecedented action to end the strike.
The strike of Pullman carshop employees and the subsequent boycott that disrupted rail traffic throughout the territory west of Chicago in June-July 1894 marked the culmination of nearly two decades of the most severe and sustained labor conflict in American history.
George M. Pullman (1831–97) was an American industrialist who responded to the rapid expansion of the U.S. railroad system by manufacturing and leasing railroad cars. He worked to design a comfortable and luxurious sleeper car, which he debuted in 1859. It was an immediate hit.
The Pullman strike, backed by the American Railways Union, effectively shut down the American railroad from May through July because the Pullman Company had a near-monopoly on sleeper cars west of Chicago. And it might have worked — had the federal government not stepped in.
The Pullman strike in Chicago, Illinois, was part of a nationwide crisis, generated by the social turbulence of the industrialization process that had been dramatically transforming the United States since the end of the Civil War.
The Pullman Strike of 1894 is more than a footnote in the long struggle between capital and labor in the United States. For the first time, a federal court used the Sherman Anti-Trust Act, which had been designed to block the restraint of trade by corporate monopolies, by enjoining the ARU from maintaining their boycott of the Pullman company.
The Pullman workers went on strike in early June 1894 and requested other unions to honor their picket lines. The American Railway Union (ARU), led by Eugene V. Debs, announced that its members would refuse to work on trains that included any Pullman railroad coaches.
Quick Facts. Date: May 11, 1894 - July 20, 1894. Location: United States. Key People: Grover Cleveland. Clarence Darrow. Eugene V. Debs. Richard Olney. On the Web: Teaching American History - Urban Growth: The Pullman Strike (Oct. 29, 2024) John Peter Altgeld Illinois governor John Peter Altgeld, c. 1893.
Introduction. 00:00. A recession in 1893 led the Pullman Sleeping Car Company to reduce the wages of its workers. When it reduced wages, it did not reduce rents in the company housing it supplied its workers. As a result, the workers went on strike on May 11, 1894. Eugene V. Debs had recently organized the American Railway Union (ARU).
The most famous and farreaching labor conflict in a period of severe economic depression and social unrest, the Pullman Strike began May 11, 1894, with a walkout by Pullman Palace Car Company factory workers after negotiations over declining wages failed.
This national railway strike was an intensely bitter battle between workers and company management, as well as between two major characters, George Pullman, owner of company making railroad passenger cars, and Eugene V. Debs, leader of the American Railway Union.
The Pullman Strike (May–July 1894) was a widespread railroad strike and boycott that disrupted rail traffic in the U.S. Midwest in June–July 1894.
ings for decades. Two new books highlighting the interplay between the labor movement and the state in the late nineteenth and early. twentieth centuries are largely framed around these decisive transfor- mations. The first, The Pullman Strike and the Crisis of the 1890s: Essays.
May 11, 1894. Pullman workers walk off the job in response to company president George M. Pullman refusing to meet with them to discuss their demands. June 22, 1894.