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  2. Round-off error - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Round-off_error

    In the IEEE standard the base is binary, i.e. =, and normalization is used.The IEEE standard stores the sign, exponent, and significand in separate fields of a floating point word, each of which has a fixed width (number of bits).

  3. LU decomposition - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LU_decomposition

    When solving systems of equations, b is usually treated as a vector with a length equal to the height of matrix A. In matrix inversion however, instead of vector b , we have matrix B , where B is an n -by- p matrix, so that we are trying to find a matrix X (also a n -by- p matrix):

  4. Finite field arithmetic - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Finite_field_arithmetic

    Multiplication in a finite field is multiplication modulo an irreducible reducing polynomial used to define the finite field. (I.e., it is multiplication followed by division using the reducing polynomial as the divisor—the remainder is the product.) The symbol "•" may be used to denote multiplication in a finite field.

  5. Multiplicative function - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multiplicative_function

    In number theory, a multiplicative function is an arithmetic function f(n) of a positive integer n with the property that f(1) = 1 and = () whenever a and b are coprime.. An arithmetic function f(n) is said to be completely multiplicative (or totally multiplicative) if f(1) = 1 and f(ab) = f(a)f(b) holds for all positive integers a and b, even when they are not coprime.

  6. Interval arithmetic - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interval_arithmetic

    The multiplication can be interpreted as the area of a rectangle with varying edges. The result interval covers all possible areas, from the smallest to the largest. With the help of these definitions, it is already possible to calculate the range of simple functions, such as f ( a , b , x ) = a ⋅ x + b . {\displaystyle f(a,b,x)=a\cdot x+b.}

  7. Basic Linear Algebra Subprograms - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basic_Linear_Algebra...

    Basic Linear Algebra Subprograms (BLAS) is a specification that prescribes a set of low-level routines for performing common linear algebra operations such as vector addition, scalar multiplication, dot products, linear combinations, and matrix multiplication.

  8. Numerical stability - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Numerical_stability

    Computing the square root of 2 (which is roughly 1.41421) is a well-posed problem.Many algorithms solve this problem by starting with an initial approximation x 0 to , for instance x 0 = 1.4, and then computing improved guesses x 1, x 2, etc.

  9. Cholesky decomposition - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cholesky_decomposition

    In linear algebra, the Cholesky decomposition or Cholesky factorization (pronounced / ʃ ə ˈ l ɛ s k i / shə-LES-kee) is a decomposition of a Hermitian, positive-definite matrix into the product of a lower triangular matrix and its conjugate transpose, which is useful for efficient numerical solutions, e.g., Monte Carlo simulations.