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Pathogenic bacteria. Pathogenic bacteria are bacteria that can cause disease. [ 1 ] This article focuses on the bacteria that are pathogenic to humans. Most species of bacteria are harmless and are often beneficial but others can cause infectious diseases. The number of these pathogenic species in humans is estimated to be fewer than a hundred ...
The term pathogen came into use in the 1880s. [ 2 ][ 3 ] Typically, the term pathogen is used to describe an infectious microorganism or agent, such as a virus, bacterium, protozoan, prion, viroid, or fungus. [ 4 ][ 5 ][ 6 ] Small animals, such as helminths and insects, can also cause or transmit disease. However, these animals are usually ...
The discovery of disease -causing pathogens is an important activity in the field of medical science. Many viruses, bacteria, protozoa, fungi, helminths (parasitic worms), and prions are identified as a confirmed or potential pathogen. In the United States, a Centers for Disease Control and Prevention program, begun in 1995, identified over a ...
The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to concepts related to infectious diseases in humans. Infection – transmission, entry/invasion after evading/overcoming defense, establishment, and replication of disease-causing microscopic organisms (pathogens) inside a host organism, and the reaction of host tissues to ...
Pathogen transmission. In medicine, public health, and biology, transmission is the passing of a pathogen causing communicable disease from an infected host individual or group to a particular individual or group, regardless of whether the other individual was previously infected. [1] The term strictly refers to the transmission of ...
Microbial toxins are toxins produced by micro-organisms, including bacteria, fungi, protozoa, dinoflagellates, and viruses. Many microbial toxins promote infection and disease by directly damaging host tissues and by disabling the immune system. Endotoxins most commonly refer to the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or lipooligosaccharide (LOS) that are ...
Human pathogen. A human pathogen is a pathogen (microbe or microorganism such as a virus, bacterium, prion, or fungus) that causes disease in humans. The human physiological defense against common pathogens (such as Pneumocystis) is mainly the responsibility of the immune system with help by some of the body's normal microbiota.
Hemibiotrophs. Hemibiotrophs are the spectrum of plant pathogens, including bacteria, oomycete and a group of plant pathogenic fungi that keep its host alive while establishing itself within the host tissue, taking up the nutrients with brief biotrophic -like phase. [1][2] It then, in later stages of infection switches to a necrotrophic life ...