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Oil-producers' trading surpluses. "Petrocurrency" or (more commonly) "petrodollars" are popular shorthand for revenues from petroleum exports, mainly from the OPEC members plus Russia and Norway. Especially during periods of historically expensive oil, the associated financial flows can reach a scale of hundreds of billions of US dollar ...
Petrodollar recycling. Fluctuations of OPEC net oil export revenues since 1972, showing elevated inflation-adjusted levels during 1974–1981 and 2005–2014 [1][2] Petrodollar recycling is the international spending or investment of a country's revenues from petroleum exports (" petrodollars "). [3] It generally refers to the phenomenon of ...
This is the earliest form of Japanese currency. Commodity money is money whose value comes from a commodity of which it is made. Commodity money consists of objects having value or use in themselves (intrinsic value) as well as their value in buying goods. [1] This is in contrast to representative money, which has no intrinsic value but ...
Petroyuan[1][2] is a form of the official Chinese currency, the yuan intended at least initially for oil trading. [3] On 26 March 2018, the Chinese government issued the first long term oil trading contracts denominated in petroyuans. [4] This project exists to attempt to compete with the U.S. petrodollar as a main currency in crude oil ...
Soap is a salt of a fatty acid (sometimes other carboxylic acids) used for cleaning and lubricating products as well as other applications. [1] In a domestic setting, soaps, specifically "toilet soaps", are surfactants usually used for washing, bathing, and other types of housekeeping. In industrial settings, soaps are used as thickeners ...
Most greases used today in motor vehicles, aircraft, and heavy machinery contain lithium stearates, mainly lithium 12-hydroxystearate. [1] Greases can be made with the addition of several different metallic soaps. Some greases are prepared from sodium, barium, lithium, and calcium soaps. Lithium soap greases are preferred for their water ...
Nabulsi soap (Arabic: صابون نابلسي, ṣābūn Nābulsi) is a type of castile soap produced in Nablus in the West Bank, Palestine. [1] Its chief ingredients are virgin olive oil (the main agricultural product of the region), water, and an alkaline sodium compound, such as sodium hydroxide. The finished product is ivory-colored and has ...
Marseille soap or Savon de Marseille (French pronunciation: [savɔ̃ də maʁsɛj]) is a traditional hard soap made from vegetable oils that has been produced around Marseille, France, for about 600 years. The first documented soapmaker was recorded from the city in about 1370. [1] By 1688, Louis XIV introduced regulations in the Edict of ...