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In mathematics, Choi's theorem on completely positive maps is a result that classifies completely positive maps between finite-dimensional (matrix) C*-algebras. An infinite-dimensional algebraic generalization of Choi's theorem is known as Belavkin 's "Radon–Nikodym" theorem for completely positive maps.
Mathematically, a quantum operation is a linear map Φ between spaces of trace class operators on Hilbert spaces H and G such that. If S is a density operator, Tr (Φ (S)) ≤ 1. Φ is completely positive, that is for any natural number n, and any square matrix of size n whose entries are trace-class operators and which is non-negative, then is ...
Quantum channel. In quantum information theory, a quantum channel is a communication channel which can transmit quantum information, as well as classical information. An example of quantum information is the general dynamics of a qubit. An example of classical information is a text document transmitted over the Internet.
In quantum information theory and operator theory, the Choi–Jamiołkowski isomorphism refers to the correspondence between quantum channels (described by completely positive maps) and quantum states (described by density matrices), this is introduced by Man-Duen Choi [1] and Andrzej Jamiołkowski. [2] It is also called channel-state duality ...
Hermitian matrices are applied in the design and analysis of communications system, especially in the field of multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems. Channel matrices in MIMO systems often exhibit Hermitian properties. In graph theory, Hermitian matrices are used to study the spectra of graphs. The Hermitian Laplacian matrix is a key ...
Quantum depolarizing channel. A quantum depolarizing channel is a model for quantum noise in quantum systems. The -dimensional depolarizing channel can be viewed as a completely positive trace-preserving map , depending on one parameter , which maps a state onto a linear combination of itself and the maximally mixed state, The condition of ...
Entanglement witness. In quantum information theory, an entanglement witness is a functional which distinguishes a specific entangled state from separable ones. Entanglement witnesses can be linear or nonlinear functionals of the density matrix. If linear, then they can also be viewed as observables for which the expectation value of the ...
Stinespring's theorem says that all completely positive maps are compositions of *-homomorphisms and these special maps. Every positive functional (in particular every state) is automatically completely positive. Given the algebras and of complex-valued continuous functions on compact Hausdorff spaces , every positive map is completely positive.