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Typhus, also known as typhus fever, is a group of infectious diseases that include epidemic typhus, scrub typhus, and murine typhus. [1] Common symptoms include fever, headache, and a rash. [1] Typically these begin one to two weeks after exposure. [2] The diseases are caused by specific types of bacterial infection. [1]
The typhus epidemic of 1847 was an outbreak of epidemic typhus caused by a massive Irish emigration in 1847, during the Great Famine, aboard crowded and disease-ridden "coffin ships". Canada [ edit ]
Epidemic typhus, also known as louse-borne typhus, is a form of typhus so named because the disease often causes epidemics following wars and natural disasters where civil life is disrupted. [ 4 ] [ 5 ] Epidemic typhus is spread to people through contact with infected body lice , in contrast to endemic typhus which is usually transmitted by fleas .
This disease may also have been a contributing factor in the death of 12th US President Zachary Taylor due to the unsanitary conditions in Washington, DC, in the mid-19th century. [ 23 ] [ 24 ] During the American Civil War , 81,360 Union soldiers died of typhoid or dysentery , far more than died of battle wounds. [ 25 ]
During Napoleon's retreat from Moscow in 1812, more French soldiers died of typhus than were killed by the Russians. [41] A major epidemic occurred in Ireland between 1816 and 1819, during the Year Without a Summer; an estimated 100,000 Irish perished. Typhus appeared again in the late 1830s, and between 1846 and 1849 during the Great Irish ...
The most infamous flea-to-human transmitted disease is the bubonic plague, which was caused by the bacterium Yersinia pestis. ... Murine typhus, a rare infection (20-100 cases a year in the U.S ...
Scrub typhus or bush typhus is a form of typhus caused ... The disease is thus frequently classified separately from the other typhi. ... History of mite bite is ...
Mary Mallon was born in 1869 in Cookstown, County Tyrone, Ireland.She may have been born with typhoid fever as her mother was infected during pregnancy. [5] [6] [7] In 1884 at the age of 15, she emigrated from Ireland to the United States.