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Typhus, also known as typhus fever, is a group of infectious diseases that include epidemic typhus, scrub typhus, and murine typhus. [1] Common symptoms include fever, headache, and a rash. [1] Typically these begin one to two weeks after exposure. [2] The diseases are caused by specific types of bacterial infection. [1]
Epidemic typhus, also known as louse-borne typhus, is a form of typhus so named because the disease often causes epidemics following wars and natural disasters where civil life is disrupted. [ 4 ] [ 5 ] Epidemic typhus is spread to people through contact with infected body lice , in contrast to endemic typhus which is usually transmitted by fleas .
This disease may also have been a contributing factor in the death of 12th US President Zachary Taylor due to the unsanitary conditions in Washington, DC, in the mid-19th century. [ 23 ] [ 24 ] During the American Civil War , 81,360 Union soldiers died of typhoid or dysentery , far more than died of battle wounds. [ 25 ]
The typhus epidemic of 1847 was an outbreak of epidemic typhus caused by a massive Irish emigration in 1847, during the Great Famine, aboard crowded and disease-ridden "coffin ships". Canada [ edit ]
During Napoleon's retreat from Moscow in 1812, more French soldiers died of typhus than were killed by the Russians. [41] A major epidemic occurred in Ireland between 1816 and 1819, during the Year Without a Summer; an estimated 100,000 Irish perished. Typhus appeared again in the late 1830s, and between 1846 and 1849 during the Great Irish ...
The most infamous flea-to-human transmitted disease is the bubonic plague, which was caused by the bacterium Yersinia pestis. ... Murine typhus, a rare infection (20-100 cases a year in the U.S ...
Mary Mallon was born in 1869 in Cookstown, County Tyrone, Ireland.She may have been born with typhoid fever as her mother was infected during pregnancy. [5] [6] [7] In 1884 at the age of 15, she emigrated from Ireland to the United States.
Scrub typhus or bush typhus is a form of typhus caused ... The disease is thus frequently classified separately from the other typhi. ... History of mite bite is ...